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Hydrocortisone Modified-release in Adults: Real-world Monitoring of Longitudinal Outcomes in coNgenital Adrenal hYperplasia (HARMONY)

4. Juni 2026 aktualisiert von: Prof. Paola Loli, IRCCS San Raffaele

Long-term Real-world Outcomes of Chronotherapy With Modified-release Hydrocortisone in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a defect in the enzyme cascade regulating adrenal steroidogenesis; in approximately 95% of cases the defect is located in CYP21A2, the gene encoding 21-hydroxylase, and is characterized by defective adrenal steroidogenesis and cortisol deficiency. Due to the loss of physiological cortisol feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary corticotropic cells, ACTH secretion is increased. This results in the accumulation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) proximal to the enzymatic defect in steroidogenesis, which in turn stimulates overproduction of the adrenal androgen precursor androstenedione and adrenal hyperplasia.

Treatment of CAH is tailored to the patient and disease severity, aiming to replace cortisol and aldosterone deficiencies while controlling androgen excess and avoiding glucocorticoid overtreatment. Immediate-release hydrocortisone administered multiple times daily remains the recommended first-line treatment in growing children, whereas adult patients are frequently treated with hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone or dexamethasone.

However, conventional glucocorticoid regimens cannot adequately reproduce the physiological circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion. In physiological conditions, ACTH-driven cortisol secretion follows a clear circadian rhythm characterized by low evening levels, nocturnal increase between 2:00 and 4:00 a.m., a morning peak upon awakening, and progressive decline during daytime.

Dual daytime dosing of immediate-release hydrocortisone in CAH can control ACTH-driven adrenal androgen secretion during the day; however, because of its rapid absorption into the bloodstream and short half-life, the evening dose of hydrocortisone cannot adequately suppress the nocturnal ACTH surge and ACTH-driven adrenal androgen overproduction.

Consequently, patients are often exposed to supraphysiological glucocorticoid doses during nighttime hours in an attempt to control morning hyperandrogenism. The disruption of physiological cortisol homeostasis contributes to poor cardiometabolic profile, obesity, insulin resistance, impaired fertility, reduced quality of life, and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in patients with CAH.

Bone health may also be impaired in patients with CAH because of chronic glucocorticoid exposure and androgen imbalance. Previous studies demonstrated reduced lumbar and femoral bone mineral density and increased fracture risk in both male and female patients.

Modified-release hydrocortisone (MR-HC; Efmody®) is a multiparticulate formulation developed to better reproduce physiological cortisol circadian rhythm through chronotherapy. Previous phase II and phase III studies demonstrated improved biochemical control, reduction in androgen excess, lower glucocorticoid exposure, improved fertility outcomes, and sustained long-term efficacy compared with conventional glucocorticoid regimens.

However, real-world longitudinal data regarding long-term biochemical, metabolic, cardiovascular, reproductive and skeletal outcomes remain limited, particularly in adult patients transitioning from pediatric to adult endocrine care.

The present study is a single-center, retrospective and prospective, longitudinal, open-label observational cohort study aimed at evaluating the long-term real-world outcomes of chronotherapy with modified-release hydrocortisone in adult patients with genetically confirmed 21-hydroxylase deficiency CAH.

Retrospective clinical, biochemical and radiological data already available from routine clinical care will be collected from medical records, while prospective observational follow-up will continue according to routine endocrine clinical practice.

Studienübersicht

Status

Noch keine Rekrutierung

Bedingungen

Detaillierte Beschreibung

The study is designed as an ongoing longitudinal observational cohort intended to evaluate short-term and long-term outcomes of MR-HC treatment in a real-world setting.

At the time of protocol drafting, retrospective and prospective data are available for approximately 32 patients, with follow-up extending up to 24-36 months in some cases. Additional eligible patients may be included prospectively during the observational phase of the study.

Follow-up assessments are planned at approximately 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after treatment transition and yearly thereafter whenever available as part of routine clinical practice.

Interim analyses may be performed on available datasets before completion of long-term follow-up in order to evaluate clinically relevant outcomes emerging from real-world experience.

All procedures and laboratory assessments included in the study are part of routine clinical management of patients with CAH and do not imply additional costs for patients or for the institution.

Studientyp

Beobachtungs

Einschreibung (Geschätzt)

100

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienkontakt

Studieren Sie die Kontaktsicherung

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Erwachsene
  • Älterer Erwachsener

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Nein

Probenahmeverfahren

Nicht-Wahrscheinlichkeitsprobe

Studienpopulation

Approximately 32 patients are currently available for retrospective and prospective analysis. Additional eligible patients may be enrolled prospectively during the observational phase. All patients who come for an appointment at the endocrinology clinics of IRCCS San Raffaele for routine clinical evaluations

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age ≥18 years;
  2. Genetically confirmed diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia;
  3. Transition from conventional glucocorticoid therapy to modified-release hydrocortisone according to routine clinical practice;
  4. Stable glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid therapy before transition;
  5. Ability to understand study procedures and provide informed consent for prospective data collection whenever applicable

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Age <18 years;
  2. Pregnancy or breastfeeding;
  3. Severe uncontrolled medical or psychiatric illness;
  4. Use of glucocorticoids for indications other than CAH;
  5. Use of drugs interfering with glucocorticoid metabolism;
  6. History of bilateral adrenalectomy

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

Kohorten und Interventionen

Gruppe / Kohorte
longitudinal observational cohort intended to evaluate short-term and long-term outcomes of MR-HC

retrospective and prospective data are available for approximately 32 patients, with follow-up extending up to 24-36 months in some cases. Additional eligible patients may be included prospectively during the observational phase of the study.

Follow-up assessments are planned at approximately 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after treatment transition and yearly thereafter whenever available as part of routine clinical practice.

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Change From Baseline in Morning Serum 17- Hydroxyprogesterone and Androstenedione Concentrations
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Morning serum 17-OH progesterone (17OHP) and D4-androstenedione levels under conventional therapy and during MR-HC treatment
Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Change From Baseline in Morning Serum 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and Androstenedione Concentrations During Modified-Release Hydrocortisone Treatment
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Morning serum 17OHP and androstenedione concentrations measured during conventional glucocorticoid therapy and after transition to MR-HC.
Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Change From Baseline in Morning Plasma ACTH and Cortisol Concentrations and Midnight Salivary Cortisol Levels
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Morning plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations and midnight salivary cortisol levels.
Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Change From Baseline in Plasma Renin Activity and Serum Sodium and Potassium Concentrations
Zeitfenster: Baseline and each follow-up visit
Plasma renin activity and serum sodium and potassium concentrations as indicators of mineralocorticoid control.
Baseline and each follow-up visit
Number of Adrenal Crises and Episodes Requiring Glucocorticoid Stress Dosing
Zeitfenster: Throughout follow-up
Occurrence of adrenal crises and episodes requiring stress-dose glucocorticoid administration.
Throughout follow-up
Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure, and Clinical Hyperandrogenism Parameters
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Anthropometric and clinical measures including BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and signs of hyperandrogenism.
Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Change From Baseline in Glycemia, Hemoglobin A1c, Insulin Concentrations, HOMA-IR, and Lipid Profile Parameters
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Metabolic parameters including fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.
Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Change From Baseline in Markers of Calcium-Phosphorus Metabolism and Bone Turnover
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and urinary calcium/phosphorus excretion.
Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter
Change From Baseline in Lumbar Spine and Femoral Bone Mineral Density Measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
Zeitfenster: Baseline and according to routine clinical practice
Lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density assessed by DXA.
Baseline and according to routine clinical practice
Change From Baseline in Total Daily Glucocorticoid Dose
Zeitfenster: Each follow-up visit
Total daily glucocorticoid dose expressed as hydrocortisone-equivalent dose.
Each follow-up visit
Change From Baseline in SF-36 and AddiQoL Questionnaire Scores
Zeitfenster: Baseline and follow-up in prospectively enrolled patients
Health-related quality of life assessed using SF-36 and AddiQoL questionnaires.
Baseline and follow-up in prospectively enrolled patients

Andere Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Change From Baseline in Bone Turnover Markers and DXA-Derived Bone Mineral Density During Long-Term Follow-Up
Zeitfenster: Annual follow-up
Longitudinal assessment of skeletal outcomes including biochemical bone turnover markers and DXA-derived bone mineral density.
Annual follow-up
Longitudinal Changes in Integrated Biochemical and Clinical Outcomes Beyond 12 Months of Follow-Up
Zeitfenster: Annual follow-up
Long-term biochemical, endocrine, metabolic, anthropometric, reproductive, and clinical outcomes during continued MR-HC treatment.
Annual follow-up

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Ermittler

  • Studienleiter: Andrea Giustina, MD, IRCCS San Raffaele

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.

Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Geschätzt)

31. Juli 2026

Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)

31. August 2026

Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)

31. Juli 2031

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

27. Mai 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

27. Mai 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

2. Juni 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

8. Juni 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

4. Juni 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Juni 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • HARMONY-CET1-2026

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

Planen Sie, individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD) zu teilen?

JA

Beschreibung des IPD-Plans

results publication

IPD-Sharing-Zeitrahmen

Approximatly November 2026 - December 2026

IPD-Sharing-Zugriffskriterien

sharing the interim analysis of retrospective data the statistical methods for approved by independent review.

Art der unterstützenden IPD-Freigabeinformationen

  • STUDIENPROTOKOLL
  • SAFT

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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