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Effect of Buzzy®, Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, and Kaleidoscope During SC Injection in Children With Cancer

19. Juni 2026 aktualisiert von: Birgul Erdogan, Kocaeli University

Buzzy®, a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Package, and a Kaleidoscope for Reducing Pain, Fear, and Anxiety During Subcutaneous Injections in Children With Cancer: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

Subcutaneous injections are commonly used in pediatric oncology care and may cause pain, fear, and anxiety in children. Repeated exposure to needle-related procedures may increase procedural distress and affect children's cooperation and coping during treatment. Therefore, simple, safe, and feasible non-pharmacological interventions are needed to improve children's comfort during routine procedures.

This randomized parallel trial was designed to compare three clinically feasible non-pharmacological approaches with different mechanisms during subcutaneous injections in children with cancer. Buzzy® provides cold and vibration as a sensory-based method, the cognitive behavioral intervention package supports preparation and coping, and the kaleidoscope provides visual distraction. By comparing these approaches within the same procedural context, the study aimed to provide practical evidence for pediatric oncology nurses when selecting interventions to reduce procedural distress.

All procedures were conducted in the routine clinical procedure area of a pediatric oncology clinic. The same subcutaneous injection procedure was used for all participants, and standardized assessment time points were applied before and immediately after the procedure.

Studienübersicht

Status

Abgeschlossen

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

This study was conducted as a randomized, parallel-group clinical trial in children with cancer undergoing routine subcutaneous injection. Participants were assigned to one of three intervention groups: Buzzy®, a cognitive-behavioral intervention package, or kaleidoscope distraction.

All interventions were delivered in the same clinical setting and within the same procedural context. Before the injection, baseline levels of procedural fear and state anxiety were assessed. The assigned intervention was then applied according to the group allocation during the subcutaneous injection procedure. Pain, fear, and state anxiety were evaluated immediately after the procedure using standardized pediatric assessment tools.

The trial was designed to compare three non-pharmacological strategies that are practical for use in pediatric oncology nursing care. The purpose was to determine whether sensory stimulation, cognitive-behavioral preparation and coping support, or visual distraction differed in their effects on procedural pain, fear, and anxiety during subcutaneous injection.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)

45

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienorte

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Kind

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Nein

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children aged 6 to 12 years
  • Diagnosis of cancer
  • Having received chemotherapy at least once
  • Willingness of both the child and parent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Visual, auditory, verbal, or cognitive impairment preventing participation
  • Terminal stage of disease
  • Use of sedative, analgesic, or narcotic medication within 24 hours before the procedure
  • Baseline pain score of 2 or higher on the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale unrelated to the procedure
  • Inability to complete the injection in a single attempt
  • Withdrawal before completion of the study procedures

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Unterstützende Pflege
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
  • Maskierung: Single

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Aktiver Komparator: Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Package Group
Children assigned to this group received the cognitive-behavioral intervention package during the subcutaneous injection procedure.
The Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Package was delivered by the researcher before, during, and after the subcutaneous injection. Before the procedure, the child received brief age-appropriate preparation, selected a preferred distraction or coping strategy, and the parent was guided on how to support the child. During the injection, the researcher provided standardized verbal coaching, encouragement, and coping support, while the parent provided physical and verbal comfort. The child used the selected coping strategy throughout the injection. After completion of the outcome assessments, brief positive reinforcement was provided. The intervention was implemented using a structured checklist to support standardization.
Aktiver Komparator: Buzzy® Group
Children assigned to this group received the Buzzy® intervention during the subcutaneous injection procedure.
The Buzzy® device was used as a cold and vibration intervention during subcutaneous injection. The device was placed at the injection site 60 seconds before needle insertion, and cold and vibration were initiated. Immediately before needle insertion, the device was repositioned approximately 3 cm proximal to the injection site. It remained in place throughout the injection and was removed immediately after the procedure was completed. No additional distraction or cognitive behavioral coaching was provided beyond standard procedural explanations.
Aktiver Komparator: Kaleidoscope Group
Children assigned to this group received kaleidoscope distraction during the subcutaneous injection procedure.
The kaleidoscope was used as a visual distraction intervention during subcutaneous injection. The child was shown the kaleidoscope shortly before the procedure and was allowed a brief familiarization period. The kaleidoscope was introduced approximately 1 minute before needle insertion, and the child continued to look through it throughout the injection. The intervention ended when the injection was completed. No additional cognitive behavioral coaching or cold/vibration intervention was provided beyond standard procedural explanations.

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Post-Procedural Pain Intensity Assessed Using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
Zeitfenster: Immediately after subcutaneous injection
Post-procedural pain intensity will be assessed immediately after subcutaneous injection using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 5, with 0 indicating no pain and 5 indicating the worst pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
Immediately after subcutaneous injection

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Procedural Fear Assessed Using the Children's Fear Scale
Zeitfenster: Before and immediately after subcutaneous injection
Procedural fear will be assessed before and immediately after subcutaneous injection using the Children's Fear Scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 4, with 0 indicating no fear and 4 indicating extreme fear. Higher scores indicate greater procedural fear.
Before and immediately after subcutaneous injection
State Anxiety Assessed Using the Children's Anxiety Scale-State
Zeitfenster: Before and immediately after subcutaneous injection
State anxiety related to subcutaneous injection will be assessed before and immediately after the procedure using the Children's Anxiety Scale-State. This scale ranges from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no anxiety and 10 indicating the highest level of anxiety. Higher scores indicate greater state anxiety.
Before and immediately after subcutaneous injection

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Ermittler

  • Hauptermittler: Birgül Erdoğan, PhD, RN, Kocaeli University

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.

Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

1. Dezember 2024

Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)

12. Februar 2025

Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)

24. September 2025

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

15. Juni 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

19. Juni 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

25. Juni 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

25. Juni 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

19. Juni 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. November 2024

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • SCINJ-PAIN-2025-01

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

Planen Sie, individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD) zu teilen?

NEIN

Beschreibung des IPD-Plans

Individual participant data will not be shared because the study includes a small pediatric oncology sample and sensitive clinical data. Study findings will be reported in aggregate form.

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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