Autologous Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Diversion Colitis
Autologous Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Via the Diverting Stoma Ameliorates Diversion Colitis in Patients With Temporary Ileostomy for Rectal Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Endoscopic and Histopathological Assessment
Studienübersicht
Status
Status
Bedingungen
Bedingungen
Intervention / Behandlung
Intervention / Behandlung
Detaillierte Beschreibung
Background and Rationale
Diversion colitis frequently develops after fecal stream diversion, affecting most patients whose intestinal continuity remains interrupted for more than three to six months. While stoma reversal is definitive, many patients require prolonged diversion due to adjuvant chemotherapy, poor general condition, or anastomotic healing concerns. Existing medical therapies-including short-chain fatty acid enemas, 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and probiotics-lack consistent efficacy in randomized trials. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a central driver of DC; restoring a diverse microbial community via fecal microbiota transplantation represents a rational approach. Autologous FMT using the patient's own stoma effluent avoids pathogen transmission, donor screening, and ethical concerns. However, no prospective RCT has systematically evaluated auto-FMT for DC using endoscopic and histopathological endpoints.
Study Design
Single-center, prospective, assessor-blinded, parallel-group, superiority randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio.
Participants
Adults aged 18-75 years with histopathologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent low anterior resection with temporary loop ileostomy, scheduled for reversal at 3-6 months after primary surgery, and with endoscopic DC (modified Harig score ≥4 at week 4 post-ileostomy). Key exclusion criteria: neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease, recent antibiotic or probiotic use, severe organ dysfunction, pregnancy, or lactation.
Interventions
Auto-FMT group: Daily irrigations of autologous fecal microbiota suspension for 4 weeks. Preparation: 50-80 g of fresh stool collected from the patient's stoma bag within 2 hours of passage, homogenized with 500 mL sterile normal saline (0.9% NaCl) pre-warmed to 37°C, stirred, and filtered through two layers of sterile gauze. The filtrate was used within 30 minutes. Irrigation: a 14-16 French Foley catheter inserted 10-15 cm into the efferent limb of the loop ileostomy; suspension infused by gravity drip over 5-10 minutes; patients retained the suspension for at least 30 minutes before evacuation.
Control group: Daily irrigations of 500 mL sterile normal saline (37°C) using the same catheter and technique, with the same retention time.
Outcome Measures
Primary outcomes: Change from baseline to week 4 in endoscopic score (modified Harig score, 0-12) and histopathological score (composite of mucosal atrophy, crypt distortion, and inflammatory infiltrate, 0-9), assessed by blinded reviewers.
Secondary outcomes: Wexner incontinence score at 1, 3, and 6 months after stoma reversal; quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29) at baseline, week 4, and 6 months post-reversal; serum hs-CRP, albumin, and fecal calprotectin at baseline and week 4; adverse events (CTCAE v5.0); treatment adherence (≥80% of 28 sessions).
Sample Size
33 patients per group (total 66) to detect a mean endoscopic score reduction difference of 1.5 points (assuming SD 2.0 in auto-FMT group and SD 1.8 in control group), 80% power, two-sided α = 0.05, accounting for a 20% dropout rate.
Statistical Analysis
Primary analysis was intention-to-treat. Change scores were analyzed using ANCOVA with baseline score as covariate. Secondary outcomes: Wexner scores with generalized estimating equations; quality of life with ANCOVA; biomarkers with Mann-Whitney U tests. Missing data were handled with multiple imputation. Two-tailed p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Ethical Approval
The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Lin'an First People's Hospital, Hangzhou (Approval No.: Lin'an First People's Hospital Lun Yan Shen 2022 No.20, dated April 29, 2022). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.
Studientyp
Studientyp
Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)
Einschreibung
Phase
Phase
- Unzutreffend
Kontakte und Standorte
Studienorte
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-
Zhejiang
-
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 311300
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lin'an District, Hangzhou
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Teilnahmekriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Studienberechtigtes Alter
- Erwachsene
- Älterer Erwachsener
Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige
Beschreibung
Inclusion Criteria:
- Histopathologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma.
- Low anterior resection with temporary loop ileostomy.
- Age 18-75 years.
- Scheduled for ileostomy reversal at 3-6 months after primary surgery.
- Endoscopic confirmation of diversion colitis at week 4 post-ileostomy (modified Harig score ≥4, range 0-12).
- Written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
- Pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or chronic constipation.
- Previous colorectal surgery (other than index surgery).
- Active infection requiring systemic antibiotics within 4 weeks before enrollment.
- Use of probiotics, prebiotics, or antibiotics within 4 weeks before enrollment.
- Severe organ dysfunction (Child-Pugh B/C cirrhosis, end-stage renal disease).
- Pregnancy or lactation.
- Any condition precluding protocol compliance or outcome assessment.
Studienplan
Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?
Designdetails
- Hauptzweck: Behandlung
- Zuteilung: Zufällig
- Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
- Maskierung: Single
Anzahl der Arme
Waffen und Interventionen
Teilnehmergruppe / ArmTeilnehmergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlungIntervention / Behandlung |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: Autologous Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (auto-FMT)
Daily irrigations of autologous fecal microbiota suspension via the diverting stoma for 4 weeks.
Preparation: 50-80 g of fresh stool collected from the patient's stoma bag within 2 hours of passage, homogenized with 500 mL of sterile normal saline (0.9% NaCl) pre-warmed to 37 °C, stirred, and filtered through two layers of sterile gauze.
The filtrate is used within 30 minutes.
Irrigation: A 14-16 French Foley catheter inserted 10-15 cm into the efferent limb of the loop ileostomy, balloon inflated with 5-8 mL of air.
The suspension is infused by gravity drip (bag 40-50 cm above stoma) over 5-10 minutes.
Patients retain the suspension for at least 30 minutes before evacuation.
Vital signs are monitored for the first 3 days.
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Daily irrigation of autologous fecal microbiota suspension via the diverting stoma for 4 weeks.
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|
Sonstiges: Saline Irrigation
Daily irrigations of 500 mL sterile normal saline (0.9% NaCl) pre-warmed to 37 °C via the diverting stoma for 4 weeks.
A 14-16 French Foley catheter is inserted 10-15 cm into the efferent limb of the loop ileostomy, and the balloon is inflated with 5-8 mL of air.
Saline is infused by gravity drip (bag 40-50 cm above stoma) over 5-10 minutes.
Patients retain the saline for at least 30 minutes before evacuation.
|
Daily irrigation of 500 mL sterile normal saline (0.9%) at 37°C via the diverting stoma, using the same catheter and technique as the auto-FMT group.
|
Was misst die Studie?
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Endoscopic Score
Zeitfenster: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to week 4 in modified Harig score (0-12), evaluating edema/erythema, loss of vascular pattern, friability/contact bleeding, and erosions/ulcerations (each 0-3).
Higher scores indicate more severe inflammation.
A blinded colorectal endoscopist performed colonoscopy through the stoma at week 0 and week 4.
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Baseline and Week 4
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Change in Histopathological Score
Zeitfenster: Baseline and Week 4
|
Change from baseline to week 4 in composite histopathological score (0-9), assessing mucosal atrophy, crypt distortion, and inflammatory infiltrate (each 0-3).
The average score of two blinded gastrointestinal pathologists was used; disagreements (>2 points) were resolved by joint review.
|
Baseline and Week 4
|
Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
|
Wexner Incontinence Score
Zeitfenster: Month 1, Month 3, Month 6 post-reversal
|
Wexner incontinence score (0-20, where 0 = perfect continence, 20 = complete incontinence) assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after stoma reversal.
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Month 1, Month 3, Month 6 post-reversal
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Quality of Life - EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Health Status
Zeitfenster: Baseline, Week 4, and Month 6 post-reversal
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Global health status / quality of life score from the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire.
Higher scores indicate better quality of life.
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Baseline, Week 4, and Month 6 post-reversal
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Quality of Life - EORTC QLQ-CR29
Zeitfenster: Baseline, Week 4, and Month 6 post-reversal
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Disease-specific quality of life assessed by the EORTC QLQ-CR29 module, covering symptoms and functioning domains relevant to colorectal cancer patients.
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Baseline, Week 4, and Month 6 post-reversal
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Serum hs-CRP Level
Zeitfenster: Baseline and Week 4
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High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measured in mg/L from serum samples.
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Baseline and Week 4
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Serum Albumin Level
Zeitfenster: Baseline and Week 4
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Albumin concentration measured in g/L from serum samples.
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Baseline and Week 4
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Fecal Calprotectin Level
Zeitfenster: Baseline and Week 4
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Fecal calprotectin concentration measured by ELISA (μg/g), as a biomarker of intestinal inflammation.
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Baseline and Week 4
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Adverse Events and Treatment Adherence
Zeitfenster: Throughout the 4-week intervention period for adverse events; at end of intervention for adherence
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Adverse events graded according to CTCAE v5.0 (incidence, severity, and causality).
Treatment adherence defined as completion of ≥80% of 28 scheduled irrigation sessions.
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Throughout the 4-week intervention period for adverse events; at end of intervention for adherence
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Mitarbeiter und Ermittler
Sponsor
Sponsor
Publikationen und hilfreiche Links
Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen
- Wang JW, Kuo CH, Kuo FC, Wang YK, Hsu WH, Yu FJ, Hu HM, Hsu PI, Wang JY, Wu DC. Fecal microbiota transplantation: Review and update. J Formos Med Assoc. 2019 Mar;118 Suppl 1:S23-S31. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.08.011. Epub 2018 Sep 1.
- Sam SW, Hafeez B, Ong HI, Gill S, Smibert O, Lavelle A, Burgess A, Proud D, Mohan H. The impact of faecal diversion on the gut microbiome: a systematic review. Gut Microbiome (Camb). 2024 Feb 19;5:e4. doi: 10.1017/gmb.2024.1. eCollection 2024.
- Sohara N, Hagiwara S, Arai R, Iizuka H, Onozato Y, Kakizaki S. Can endoscopic submucosal dissection be safely performed in a smaller specialized clinic? World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan 28;19(4):528-35. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i4.528.
- Vajn K, Suler D, Plunkett JA, Oudega M. Temporal profile of endogenous anatomical repair and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 26;9(8):e105857. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105857. eCollection 2014.
Studienaufzeichnungsdaten
Haupttermine studieren
Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)
Studienbeginn
Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)
Primärer Abschluss
Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)
Studienabschluss
Studienanmeldedaten
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
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Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
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Zuletzt verifiziert
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Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
- 2022-YJ-020
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