Long-term Follow-up of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine and tDCS for Neurocognitive Complications After Surgery
7 de mayo de 2026 actualizado por: Dong-Xin Wang, Peking University First Hospital
Long-term Follow-up of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications in Older Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery
Neurocognitive complications, mainly delirium and neurocognitive disorders, are common cerebral complications in older patients after surgery and associated with worse long-term outcomes.
An ongoing 2×2 factorial trial conducted by the investigators plan to test the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients.
This long-term follow-up of the ongoing trial aims to investigate the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and tDCS on long-term outcomes in older patients after noncardiac surgery.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Estado
Aún no reclutando
Condiciones
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
Neurocognitive complications, mainly delirium and neurocognitive disorders, are common cerebral complications in older patients after surgery. Occurrence of neurocognitive complications is associated with prolonge hospital stay and increased in-hospital death. Furthermore, occurrence of neurocognitive complications is associated with adverse long-term outcomes, including cognitive decline, poor quality of life, and reduced long-term survival.
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, and anxiolytic effects. Available evidence showed that perioperative dexmedetomidine decreased early postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients, possibly by improving analgesia and sleep quality and relieving surgery-related inflammation. However, routine dose dexmedetomidine increases bradycardia and hypotension which are potentially harmful to older patients.
Ketamine is a noncompetitive N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist and has been used as an anesthetic and analgesic for decades. Esketamine is the S-enantiomer of ketamine and twice as potent as racemic ketamine. Recent studies found that subanesthetic dose of esketamine is effective in improving analgesia and sleep quality and relieving surgery-related stress response. However, even subanesthetic ketamine or esketamine increases neuropsychiatric side effects.
In clinical practice, dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination has been used for premedication in children and postoperative analgesia in adults and showed additive or synergistic effects. An ongoing trial conducted by the investigators plan to test the hypothesis that perioperative use of dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination may prevent postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients. It is reasonable to hypothesize that perioperative dexmedetomdine-esketamine might also have favorable effects on long-term outcomes.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique and increasingly used for treatment of various neurological diseases. Studies in the perioperative settings showed that perioperative use of tDCS improved sleep quality and reduced delirium occurrence early after surgery. The ongoing trial coducted by the investigators plan to test the hypothesis that perioperative use of tDCS may reduce postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients. Perioperative tDCS might also have favorable effects on long-term outcomes.
This long-term follow-up of the ongoing 2×2 factorial trial aims to investigate the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and tDCS on long-term outcomes in older patients after noncardiac surgery.
Tipo de estudio
Tipo de estudio
Intervencionista
Inscripción (Estimado)
Inscripción
1160
Fase
Fase
- Fase 4
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Estudio Contacto
Estudio Contacto
- Nombre: Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PHD
- Número de teléfono: 86 10 83572784
- Correo electrónico: wangdongxin@hotmail.com
Copia de seguridad de contactos de estudio
- Nombre: Zhen-Zhen Xu, MD
- Número de teléfono: 86 10 83572460
- Correo electrónico: zjxvzhenzhen@126.com
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Beijing Municipality
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Beijing, Beijing Municipality, Porcelana, 100034
- Peking University First Hospital
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Contacto:
- Zhen-Zhen Xu, MD
- Número de teléfono: 86 10 83572460
- Correo electrónico: zjxvzhenzhen@126.com
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Contacto:
- Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PhD
- Número de teléfono: +86 10 83572784
- Correo electrónico: wangdongxin@hotmail.com
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Fujian
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Fuzhou, Fujian, Porcelana, 362011
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
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Contacto:
- Dan-Feng Zhang, MD
- Correo electrónico: mazui1234@163.com
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Guangdong
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Shenzhen, Guangdong, Porcelana, 518036
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital
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Contacto:
- Tao Luo, MD
- Correo electrónico: 496855048@qq.com
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Shaanxi
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Xi'an, Shaanxi, Porcelana, 710032
- Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University
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Contacto:
- Zhi-Hong Lu, MD
- Correo electrónico: deerlu23@163.com
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Zhejiang
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Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Porcelana, 310006
- First Affilited Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
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Contacto:
- Dian-San Su, MD
- Correo electrónico: diansansu@yahoo.com
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Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Porcelana, 310009
- Second Affilited Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
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Contacto:
- Min Yan, MD
- Correo electrónico: zryanmin@zju.edu.cn
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Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto Mayor
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Sí
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Aged 65 to 90 years;
- Preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score < 27 points, indicating possible cognitive impairment ranging from mild to moderate;
- Scheduled to undergo elective non-cardiac, non-neurosurgical surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected surgical duration > 1 hour;
- Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Preoperative inability to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, endstage disease, or language impairment;
- History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, brain trauma/surgery, or myasthenia gravis;
- Presence of metal implants in the intracranial or cervical region (such as cochlear implants, aneurysm clips, deep brain stimulation electrodes), or skin damage or severe skin disease on the head;
- Severe cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction < 30%), comorbid with sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia (heart rate < 50 bpm), or second-degree or higher atrioventricular block, or implantation of a cardiac pacemaker;
- Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;
- Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (requiring dialysis), or ASA classification ≥ IV;
- Allergy to dexmedetomidine or esketamine;
- Participation in other clinical studies within the past 3 months;
- Other conditions that are deemed unsuitable for study participation.
Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Prevención
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación factorial
- Enmascaramiento: Cuadruplicar
Número de brazos
4
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazoGrupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / TratamientoIntervención / Tratamiento |
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Experimental: Dex-Esk + active tDCS
Participants will receive dexmedetomidine-esketamine (Dex-Esk) combination and active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
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Dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination (1 μg/mL dexmedetomidine and 0.5 mg/mL esketamine) will be administered after anesthesia induction, firstly as a loading dose at a rate of [0.4 x body weight (kg)] mL/h for 30 minutes (0.2 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and 0.1 mg/kg esketamine), followed by a maintenance infusion at a rate of [0.1 x body weight (kg)] mL/h (0.1 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine and 0.05 mg/kg/h esketamine) until one hour before expected end surgery. Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia will be established with a 100 mL mixture (containing 1.0 μg/mL sufentanil, 1.25 μg/mL dexmedetomidine, and 0.25 mg/mL esketamine in normal saline), programmed to deliver 2-mL boluses with an 8-minute lockout interval and an 1-mL/h background infusion, and provided for 48 hours (at least 24 hours).
Otros nombres:
Active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will be administered using a battery-powered stimulator. The anode will be positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3) and the cathode over the right supraorbital region (Fp2). The stimulation intensity will be set at 2.0 mA, featuring a 30-second linear ramp-up at the beginning and a 30-second ramp-down at the end of each session. Each participant will receive a total of three 20-minute sessions of active tDCS. The first session will be provided at 40 minutes after extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit. Two other sessions will be provided on postoperative days 1 and 2 (between 10:00 and 12:00 am).
Otros nombres:
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Experimental: Dex-Esk + sham tDCS
Participants will receive dexmedetomidine-esketamine (Dex-Esk) combination and sham (placebo) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
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Dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination (1 μg/mL dexmedetomidine and 0.5 mg/mL esketamine) will be administered after anesthesia induction, firstly as a loading dose at a rate of [0.4 x body weight (kg)] mL/h for 30 minutes (0.2 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and 0.1 mg/kg esketamine), followed by a maintenance infusion at a rate of [0.1 x body weight (kg)] mL/h (0.1 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine and 0.05 mg/kg/h esketamine) until one hour before expected end surgery. Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia will be established with a 100 mL mixture (containing 1.0 μg/mL sufentanil, 1.25 μg/mL dexmedetomidine, and 0.25 mg/mL esketamine in normal saline), programmed to deliver 2-mL boluses with an 8-minute lockout interval and an 1-mL/h background infusion, and provided for 48 hours (at least 24 hours).
Otros nombres:
Sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will be administered using a battery-powered stimulator. The anode will be positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3) and the cathode over the right supraorbital region (Fp2). To ensure blinding, the device will deliver a initial 30-second ramp-up to 2.0 mA followed immediately by a 30-second ramp-down to 0 mA. The device remains "ON" for the remaining 19 minutes with no effective current output, mimicking the peripheral scalp sensation without delivering cortical modulation. Each participant will receive a total of three 20-minute sessions of sham tDCS. The first session will be provided at 40 minutes after extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit. Two other sessions will be provided on postoperative days 1 and 2 (between 10:00 and 12:00 am).
Otros nombres:
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Experimental: Placebo + active tDCS
Participants will receive placebo (normal saline) and active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
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Active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will be administered using a battery-powered stimulator. The anode will be positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3) and the cathode over the right supraorbital region (Fp2). The stimulation intensity will be set at 2.0 mA, featuring a 30-second linear ramp-up at the beginning and a 30-second ramp-down at the end of each session. Each participant will receive a total of three 20-minute sessions of active tDCS. The first session will be provided at 40 minutes after extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit. Two other sessions will be provided on postoperative days 1 and 2 (between 10:00 and 12:00 am).
Otros nombres:
Placebo (normal saline) will be administered after anesthesia induction, firstly as a loading dose at a rate of [0.4 x body weight (kg)] mL/h for 30 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion at a rate of [0.1 x body weight (kg)] mL/h until one hour before expected end surgery. Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia will be established with a 100 mL mixture (containing 1.0 μg/mL sufentanil in normal saline), programmed to deliver 2-mL boluses with an 8-minute lockout interval and an 1-mL/h background infusion, and provided for 48 hours (at least 24 hours).
Otros nombres:
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Comparador de placebos: Placebo + sham tDCS
Participants will receive placebo (normal saline) and sham (placebo) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
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Sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will be administered using a battery-powered stimulator. The anode will be positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3) and the cathode over the right supraorbital region (Fp2). To ensure blinding, the device will deliver a initial 30-second ramp-up to 2.0 mA followed immediately by a 30-second ramp-down to 0 mA. The device remains "ON" for the remaining 19 minutes with no effective current output, mimicking the peripheral scalp sensation without delivering cortical modulation. Each participant will receive a total of three 20-minute sessions of sham tDCS. The first session will be provided at 40 minutes after extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit. Two other sessions will be provided on postoperative days 1 and 2 (between 10:00 and 12:00 am).
Otros nombres:
Placebo (normal saline) will be administered after anesthesia induction, firstly as a loading dose at a rate of [0.4 x body weight (kg)] mL/h for 30 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion at a rate of [0.1 x body weight (kg)] mL/h until one hour before expected end surgery. Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia will be established with a 100 mL mixture (containing 1.0 μg/mL sufentanil in normal saline), programmed to deliver 2-mL boluses with an 8-minute lockout interval and an 1-mL/h background infusion, and provided for 48 hours (at least 24 hours).
Otros nombres:
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Incidence of postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD) at 3 months
Periodo de tiempo: At 3 months after surgery
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Cognitive function will be assessed at baseline and at 3 months after surgery using the Telephone version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA; scores range from 0 to 22, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function）. Postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD) is defined as: a |Z| value of decline in T-MoCA score ≥1.96. Z value = [(change from baseline in T-MoCA score in a surgical patient - mean change from baseline in T-MoCA scores in the non-surgical group)] / (standard deviation of change from baseline in T-MoCA scores in the non-surgical group). |
At 3 months after surgery
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Event-free survival
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
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Time interval from index surgery to cancer recurrence/metastasis/progression, new-onset cancer, new-onset serious illness (requiring hospitalization), or all-cause death, whichever comes first.
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Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
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Otras medidas de resultado
Otras medidas de resultado
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Overall survival
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
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Time interval from index surgery to all-cause death.
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Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
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Recurrence-free survival
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
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Time interval from index surgery to cancer recurrence/metastasis/progression or all-cause death, whichever comes first.
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Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
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Activities of daily living score
Periodo de tiempo: At 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery
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Daily living activities will be assessed with the activities of daily living (ADL; scores range from 1 to 56, with higher scores indicating worse ability of daily living).
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At 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery
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Incidence of postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD) at 6 months and 1 year
Periodo de tiempo: At 6 months and 1 year after surgery
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Cognitive function will be assessed at baseline and at 6 months and 1 year after surgery using the Telephone version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA; scores range from 0 to 22, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function）. Postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD) is defined as: a |Z| value of decline in T-MoCA score ≥1.96. Z value = [(change from baseline in T-MoCA score in a surgical patient - mean change from baseline in T-MoCA scores in the non-surgical group)] / (standard deviation of change from baseline in T-MoCA scores in the non-surgical group). |
At 6 months and 1 year after surgery
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Patrocinador
Colaboradores
Colaboradores
Investigadores
Investigadores
- Investigador principal: Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PhD, Peking University First Hospital
Publicaciones y enlaces útiles
La persona responsable de ingresar información sobre el estudio proporciona voluntariamente estas publicaciones. Estos pueden ser sobre cualquier cosa relacionada con el estudio.
Publicaciones Generales
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Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Estimado)
Inicio del estudio
1 de junio de 2026
Finalización primaria (Estimado)
Finalización primaria
1 de junio de 2030
Finalización del estudio (Estimado)
Finalización del estudio
1 de junio de 2031
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
Enviado por primera vez
3 de mayo de 2026
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
3 de mayo de 2026
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
Publicado por primera vez
8 de mayo de 2026
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
Última actualización publicada
12 de mayo de 2026
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
7 de mayo de 2026
Última verificación
Última verificación
1 de mayo de 2026
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Términos MeSH relevantes adicionales
Otros números de identificación del estudio
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- 2026-1219-LT
- 82293644 (Otro número de subvención/financiamiento: National Natural Science Foundation of China)
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?
NO
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .