Tobacco Constituents and Biomarkers

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or female adult smokers 18-65 years of age, who smoke at least 7 cigarettes per day (to assure that biomarker levels are above the limit of quantitation) and do not have plans to quit smoking in the next month;
• Smoked the same brand for >80% of their cigarettes over the course of at least 1 year, and smoked not more than 20 cigarettes (1 pack) of a different brand within two weeks prior to the eligibility screening;
• Not using any other nicotine or tobacco product;
• Subjects who are not taking any medications that affect relevant metabolic enzymes;
• Women who are not pregnant or nursing;
• Subjects have provided written informed consent to participate in the study (adolescents under the age of 18 will be excluded because this project involves use of tobacco products).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Significant immune system disorders, respiratory diseases, kidney or liver diseases or any other medical disorders that may affect biomarker data;
• Current or recent alcohol or drug abuse problems (to ensure alcohol and drug use does not affect biomarkers of exposure and to maximize retention);
• Regular tobacco use (e.g., greater than weekly) other than cigarettes;
• Currently using nicotine replacement or other tobacco cessation products (to minimize confounding effects of another product);
• Pregnant or breastfeeding (due to toxic effects from tobacco products)
• Report smoking more than 1 pack (20 cigarettes) of a non-usual brand cigarette in the past two weeks * Participants who report smoking 2 or more non-usual brand cigarettes the day before the clinic visit will be ineligible