The Effect of Improved Glycemic Control on the Composition and Function of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (HAGI-T1D)

Inclusion Criteria:

Control group non-diabetic and non-dyslipidemic :

• A person who has giver written consent
• Fasting blood glucose < 1,10 g/L
• Triglycerides < 1,50 g/L (< 1,70 mmol/L).
• HDL cholesterol > 1,03 mmol/L (men) or > 1,30 mmol/L (women).
• LDL cholesterol < 1,60 g/L.

Type 1 diabetes group :

• A person who has giver written consent
• Treated type 1 diabetes (regardless of the route of insulin administration).
• HbA1c > 8.0% (> 64 mmol/mol).

Exclusion Criteria:

All participants :

• A person who is not enrolled in or eligible for a social security program
• A person subject to a legal protective measure (guardianship, tutorship)
• A person subject to a judicial protective measure
• Pregnant women, women in labor, or breastfeeding women
• Adults who are legally incompetent or unable to give informed consent
• Minors
• Systemic inflammatory disease
• Medications that affect lipoprotein metabolism: immunosuppressive therapy, long-term corticosteroid therapy.

Control group non-diabetic and non-dyslipidemic :

• Diabetes or use of an antidiabetic medication.
• Dyslipidemia or use of lipid-lowering medication.
• Cardiovascular disease (history of stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease).
• Kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate CKD-EPI < 75 mL/min/1.73 m²)

• Presence of metabolic syndrome defined by the presence of at least three of the following criteria (NCEP-ATP III criteria):

  • waist circumference > 102 cm in men, > 88 cm in women;
  • fasting triglycerides > 1.70 mmol/L ( > 1.50 g/L);
  • HDL cholesterol > 1.03 mmol/L in men and 1.29 mmol/L in women;
  • systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg;
  • fasting blood glucose ≥ 6.10 mmol/L (≥ 1.10 g/L).

Type 1 diabetes group:

• Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes within 12 months prior to enrollment.
• Glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m².
• Albuminuria ≥ 30 mg/g creatinine.
• Initiation of lipid-lowering therapy within the month prior to the study.

Exclusion criteria:

Type 1 diabetes group:

- Initiation of lipid-lowering therapy during the 3 months of the study