Sustentaculum Tali Screw Fixation Mode and Postoperative Foot-Ankle Function in Calcaneal Fractures
Impact of Sustentaculum Tali Screw Fixation Mode on Radiographic and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: An Ambidirectional Cohort Study
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Tila
Ehdot
Ehdot
Interventio / Hoito
Interventio / Hoito
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
Background: Calcaneal fractures account for approximately 1% to 2% of all fractures and are the most common tarsal bone fractures, usually caused by high-energy injuries such as falls from height and motor vehicle accidents. Most are intra-articular fractures involving the subtalar joint. Open reduction and internal fixation is the mainstay of treatment for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures, aiming to restore the congruity of the subtalar articular surface and the normal morphology of the calcaneus.
The sustentaculum tali is a bony prominence on the medial side of the calcaneus that forms the middle facet of the subtalar joint. Because of its dense bone and strong ligamentous attachments, it is a key anchor point for fracture reduction and internal fixation. During surgery via a lateral approach, a sustentaculum tali screw is inserted from the lateral wall toward the medial side to provide stable support for the reduced posterior articular surface.
Depending on the screw tip position on postoperative imaging, fixation is classified as sustentaculum tali fixation (ST; screw penetrates within the range of the sustentaculum tali) or sustentaculum tali fragment fixation (STF; screw is fixed into the larger medial fragment containing the sustentaculum tali, with the penetration point outside the sustentaculum tali range). Because the sustentaculum tali is small and irregularly shaped, accurate screw placement is technically demanding, with reported accuracy of only 60% to 80% even among experienced surgeons. Recent studies suggest that fixation into the sustentaculum fragment may achieve clinical outcomes similar to precise sustentaculum tali fixation; however, the effect of the different fixation modes on postoperative foot and ankle function remains insufficiently investigated.
Design and methods: This is an ambidirectional cohort study. Approximately 92 participants with intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation will be enrolled, including retrospective cases from January 2015 to August 2026 and prospective cases from September 2026. Participants will be naturally allocated to the ST or STF group according to the fixation mode determined on postoperative lateral and axial X-rays; no randomization is performed and no treatment plan is altered by the study.
Data are collected during routine clinical follow-up at 1 week, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 1 year after surgery; no additional examinations or interventions are required. Radiographic parameters (Böhler's angle, Gissane's angle, calcaneal height and width) are measured on pre- and postoperative X-rays, and functional outcomes are assessed with the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score and the Maryland Foot Score at least 12 months postoperatively.
Statistical analysis: Continuous variables will be compared using the t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test according to their distribution, and categorical variables will be compared using the chi-square test. Two-sided P < 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Multivariable regression may be used to adjust for potential confounders where appropriate. Analyses will be performed with SPSS 26.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
Opintotyyppi
Opintotyyppi
Ilmoittautuminen (Arvioitu)
Ilmoittautuminen
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Opiskeluyhteys
Opiskeluyhteys
- Nimi: Clinical Trial Office
- Puhelinnumero: 010-82266699
- Sähköposti: bysy@bjmu.edu.cn
Opiskelupaikat
-
-
Beijing Municipality
-
Beijing, Beijing Municipality, Kiina, 100191
- Peking University Third Hospital
-
Ottaa yhteyttä:
- Clinical Trial Office
- Puhelinnumero: 010 82266699
- Sähköposti: bysy@bjmu.edu.cn
-
-
Osallistumiskriteerit
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
- Aikuinen
- Vanhempi Aikuinen
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Näytteenottomenetelmä
Tutkimusväestö
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adults aged ≥ 18 years.
Diagnosis of intra-articular calcaneal fracture.
Treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).
Availability of postoperative lateral and axial X-rays for assessment of screw tip position.
Complete medical records for retrospective data collection, or willingness to participate in prospective follow-up.
Written informed consent for prospective participants; informed consent waived for retrospective participants as approved by the ethics committee.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pathological fractures.
Open calcaneal fractures.
Previous surgery on the affected calcaneus.
Severe medical conditions that may affect follow-up or functional assessment.
Inability to complete follow-up or functional questionnaires.
Lack of adequate imaging or medical records for group allocation.
Patients who declined to participate (for prospective cases).
Opintosuunnitelma
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
Ryhmien/kohorttien lukumäärä
Kohortit ja interventiot
Ryhmä/KohorttiRyhmä/Kohortti |
Interventio / HoitoInterventio / Hoito |
|---|---|
|
Sustentaculum Tali (ST) Fixation
Participants with intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation.
The exposure of interest is screw tip position: the sustentaculum tali screw penetrates within the range of the sustentaculum tali on postoperative lateral and axial X-rays.
No treatment was assigned by the study; all participants received routine clinical care.
|
Postoperative screw tip position on lateral and axial X-rays, classified as either ST (within the sustentaculum tali) or STF (in the larger medial fragment, outside the sustentaculum tali range).
This is the exposure of interest; the study does not assign this exposure.
|
|
Sustentaculum Tali Fragment (STF) Fixation
Participants with intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation.
The exposure of interest is screw tip position: the screw is fixed into the larger medial fragment containing the sustentaculum tali, with the penetration point outside the sustentaculum tali range on postoperative lateral and axial X-rays.
No treatment was assigned by the study; all participants received routine clinical care.
|
Postoperative screw tip position on lateral and axial X-rays, classified as either ST (within the sustentaculum tali) or STF (in the larger medial fragment, outside the sustentaculum tali range).
This is the exposure of interest; the study does not assign this exposure.
|
Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
Maryland Foot Score
Aikaikkuna: At least 12 months postoperatively
|
A validated 100-point scoring system for assessing foot function after injury.
Domains include pain, gait, distance walked, stability, support, limp, and wearing shoes.
Higher scores indicate better function.
Score categories: Excellent 90-100; Good 75-89; Fair 50-74; Failure <50.
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At least 12 months postoperatively
|
|
AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score
Aikaikkuna: At least 12 months postoperatively
|
A validated 100-point scoring system for assessing ankle and hindfoot function.
Comprises three domains: pain (40 points), function (50 points), and alignment (10 points).
Higher scores indicate better function.
Score categories: Excellent 90-100; Good 80-89; Fair 65-79; Poor <65.
|
At least 12 months postoperatively
|
Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Böhler's Angle
Aikaikkuna: Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and at least 12 months postoperatively
|
Change in Böhler's angle measured on lateral X-rays.
Böhler's angle is formed by the intersection of a line from the highest point of the anterior process to the highest point of the posterior facet and a line from the highest point of the posterior facet to the superior margin of the calcaneal tuberosity.
Normal range is approximately 20°-40°.
A decrease indicates loss of calcaneal height and posterior facet collapse.
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Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and at least 12 months postoperatively
|
|
Change in Gissane's Angle
Aikaikkuna: Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and at least 12 months postoperatively
|
Change in Gissane's angle measured on lateral X-rays.
Gissane's angle is formed at the intersection of the downward and upward slopes of the calcaneal superior surface, located beneath the lateral process of the talus.
Normal range is approximately 120°-140°.
An increase indicates architectural disruption of the posterior facet.
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Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and at least 12 months postoperatively
|
|
Change in Calcaneal Height
Aikaikkuna: Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and at least 12 months postoperatively
|
Change in calcaneal height measured on lateral X-rays from preoperative to postoperative and final follow-up.
A decrease in calcaneal height indicates collapse of the fractured calcaneus.
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Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and at least 12 months postoperatively
|
|
Change in Calcaneal Width
Aikaikkuna: Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and at least 12 months postoperatively
|
Change in calcaneal width measured on axial X-rays from preoperative to postoperative and final follow-up.
An increase in calcaneal width indicates lateral wall bulging after fracture.
|
Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and at least 12 months postoperatively
|
|
Postoperative Complications
Aikaikkuna: Up to 12 months postoperatively
|
Number of participants with postoperative complications, including wound infection, screw loosening, sural nerve injury, and other surgery-related adverse events.
Complications will be recorded during routine clinical follow-up.
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Up to 12 months postoperatively
|
Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Sponsori
Sponsori
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus (Arvioitu)
Opiskelun aloitus
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Ensisijainen valmistuminen
Opintojen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintojen valmistuminen
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeksi vahvistettu
Viimeksi vahvistettu
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