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Rowing and Cycling Reduce Inflammation in Early-Stage Type 2 Diabetes

Effects of Different Modes of Rowing Combined With Cycling Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients

This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the short-term (7-day) effects of different rowing-cycling exercise regimens on postprandial glycemic excursions in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients (aged 18-60 years, diagnosis ≤12 months, drug-naïve). A total of 120 participants will be randomized into five groups: control, moderate-intensity continuous cycling, high-intensity interval rowing, and standard combined exercise (rowing + cycling, 50 min). The primary outcome is inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-10, hs-CRP), body Composition and functional Indicators. Secondary outcomes include change in continuous glucose monitoring-derived glycemic variability (CONGA), and time-in-range. Mixed-effects models will quantify dose-response relationships and identify key effect modifiers (e.g., age). This study aims to establish an evidence-based precision exercise prescription for early-stage type 2 diabetes management.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Pas encore de recrutement

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Description détaillée

Study Process

  1. Screening & enrolment - We recruit 128 adults (18-60 years) who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within the last 12 months and have never taken diabetes medication.
  2. Baseline assessments - Before starting, all participants undergo blood tests (glucose, insulin, inflammatory markers), a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) is placed on their arm, and they wear an activity tracker for 7 days.
  3. Randomization - Participants are randomly assigned to one of four groups (32 people each):

    Control - usual care, no exercise

    Cycling - 40 min of moderate-intensity cycling per day

    Rowing (HIIT) - 24 min of high-intensity interval rowing per day

    Combined - 20 min rowing + 20 min cycling (50 min total)

  4. Intervention - All exercise groups train once a day for 7 consecutive days at the research centre under supervision. Heart rate is monitored throughout.
  5. Continuous monitoring - The CGM records glucose levels every 15 minutes during the whole 7-day period. Activity trackers record physical activity outside the exercise sessions.
  6. Post-intervention assessments - On day 8, we repeat all blood tests, measure inflammatory markers again, and collect the CGM data.

9. Data analysis - We compare changes in blood sugar fluctuations and inflammation between the groups, and use statistical models to find which exercise regimen works best and for whom (e.g., younger vs. older patients).

The entire study takes about 9 days per participant (1 week of exercise + 2 days of testing).

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Estimé)

120

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Coordonnées de l'étude

Sauvegarde des contacts de l'étude

  • Nom: Yanxin Huang, Dr
  • Numéro de téléphone: +8615960503382
  • E-mail: 727937141@qq.com

Lieux d'étude

    • Fujian
      • Putian, Fujian, Chine, 351100
        • The Ethics Committee of Putian 95 Hospital
        • Contact:

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Adulte

Accepte les volontaires sains

Non

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age between 18-60 years, no gender limited;
  2. Meeting the WHO 1999 diagnostic criteria for T2DM, with a diagnosis time ≤12 months;
  3. Not having received hypoglycemic drug treatment (or only lifestyle intervention, and stopped medication ≥4 weeks before enrollment);
  4. Fasting blood glucose 7.0-13.9 mmol/L, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 6.5%-10.0%;
  5. No regular exercise in the past 3 months (less than 2 times per week of moderate or higher intensity exercise, each <30 minutes);
  6. Voluntarily signing the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, or other special types of diabetes;
  2. Severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases (NYHA heart function ≥III, recent myocardial infarction or unstable angina);
  3. Uncontrolled hypertension (resting systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg);
  4. Severe liver or kidney dysfunction (ALT/AST ≥3 times the upper limit of normal, or eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m²);
  5. Severe diabetic complications (such as proliferative retinopathy, severe neuropathy, diabetic foot);
  6. Pregnant or breastfeeding women;
  7. Mental illness or cognitive impairment that prevents compliance with the study;
  8. Stress events such as infection, trauma, or surgery in the past month;
  9. Participation in other interventional clinical studies;
  10. Musculoskeletal diseases of the upper or lower limbs that affect rowing machine or bicycle exercise.

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Traitement
  • Répartition: Randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Seul

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Comparateur actif: Continuous Exercise - Cycling Group
Warm-up: 5 minutes of low-intensity cycling (50-60 W, approximately 40%-50% HRmax of continuous power cycling at) Main Training: 40 minutes 65%-75% HRmax (approximately 60%-70% VO₂peak), maintaining a cadence of 60-80 rpm Cool-down: 5 minutes of low-intensity cycling followed by stretching Total Duration: 50 minutes
Warm-up: 5 minutes of low-intensity cycling (50-60 W, approximately 40%-50% HRmax of continuous power cycling at) Main Training: 40 minutes 65%-75% HRmax (approximately 60%-70% VO₂peak), maintaining a cadence of 60-80 rpm Cool-down: 5 minutes of low-intensity cycling followed by stretching Total Duration: 50 minutes
Comparateur actif: Rowing Ergometer High-Intensity Interval Training (RE-HIIT)

Warm-up:

5 minutes of low-intensity rowing at approximately 50% of maximum heart rate (HRmax).

Main Training:

24 minutes of interval training consisting of 4 sets of high-intensity rowing for 4 minutes each (85%-90% HRmax), with 2 minutes of low-intensity active recovery (50%-60% HRmax) between each set. Maintain a stroke rate of 24-30 strokes per minute (SPM) for high-intensity intervals and 18-22 SPM for recovery intervals.

Cool-down:

5 minutes of low-intensity rowing combined with stretching.

Total Duration:

34 minutes

Warm-up:

5 minutes of low-intensity rowing at approximately 50% of maximum heart rate (HRmax).

Main Training:

24 minutes of interval training consisting of 4 sets of high-intensity rowing for 4 minutes each (85%-90% HRmax), with 2 minutes of low-intensity active recovery (50%-60% HRmax) between each set. Maintain a stroke rate of 24-30 strokes per minute (SPM) for high-intensity intervals and 18-22 SPM for recovery intervals.

Cool-down:

5 minutes of low-intensity rowing combined with stretching.

Total Duration:

34 minutes

Expérimental: Combined Training Standard (CT-S)

Warm-up:

5 minutes of low-intensity activity (choose either cycling or rowing).

Rowing Machine Segment:

20 minutes at an intensity of 65%-75% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) (approximately 60%-70% of VO₂peak), with a stroke rate of 22-26 strokes per minute (SPM).

Bicycle Segment:

20 minutes at an intensity of 65%-75% of HRmax (approximately 60%-70% of VO₂peak), with a cadence of 60-80 revolutions per minute (rpm).

Cool-down:

5 minutes of stretching.

Total Duration:

50 minutes

Warm-up:

5 minutes of low-intensity activity (choose either cycling or rowing).

Rowing Machine Segment:

20 minutes at an intensity of 65%-75% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) (approximately 60%-70% of VO₂peak), with a stroke rate of 22-26 strokes per minute (SPM).

Bicycle Segment:

20 minutes at an intensity of 65%-75% of HRmax (approximately 60%-70% of VO₂peak), with a cadence of 60-80 revolutions per minute (rpm).

Cool-down:

5 minutes of stretching.

Total Duration:

50 minutes

Aucune intervention: Control Group (CG)
Maintain usual activity levels without engaging in any structured exercise training. Daily activity levels are recorded using an accelerometer.

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
inflammatory cytokines
Délai: 1.4 weeks

IL-6 (Interleukin-6) - The first muscle factor induced by exercise, is the core molecule connecting exercise to systemic anti-inflammatory effects. IL-6 produced by skeletal muscles during exercise inhibits TNF-α and stimulates IL-1ra to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Different exercise patterns have varying regulations on IL-6, with both aerobic training and combined training significantly reducing IL-6 levels in T2DM patients.

TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha) - A key pro-inflammatory factor in insulin resistance in T2DM. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity by inhibiting the production of TNF-α. Meta-analyses confirm that exercise significantly reduces TNF-α levels in T2DM patients.

hs-CRP (High-sensitivity C-reactive protein) - A classic marker of systemic low-grade inflammation, identified as a key baseline biomarker to distinguish well-controlled T2DM patients from healthy adults.

1.4 weeks
Body Composition
Délai: 1.4 weeks
DEXA to detect body fat percentage (BF%) and skeletal muscle index (SMI)
1.4 weeks
maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max)
Délai: 1.4 weeks
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max)
1.4 weeks

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Postprandial Blood Glucose Fluctuations
Délai: 1.4 weeks
Calculate the average blood glucose values and blood glucose fluctuation coefficients (CONGA) for 2-4 hours after breakfast, lunch, and dinner by using CGM, comparing the differences before and after intervention and between groups. CONGA is defined as the standard deviation of the differences between consecutive blood glucose measurements, reflecting the amplitude of blood glucose fluctuations.
1.4 weeks
Dynamic Blood Glucose Parameters
Délai: 1.4 weeks
Time in Range (TIR): The percentage of time blood glucose is within the range of 3.9-10.0 mmol/L Time Above Range (TAR): The percentage of time blood glucose is >10.0 mmol/L Time Below Range (TBR): The percentage of time blood glucose is <3.9 mmol/L Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions (MAGE) 24-hour average blood glucose Immediate post-exercise blood glucose decline and duration
1.4 weeks
Basal Metabolic Indicators
Délai: 1.4 weeks
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) 2-hour Postprandial Glucose (2hPG) Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Fasting Insulin (FINS) HOMA-IR Index Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI)
1.4 weeks
Anthropometric indicator
Délai: 1.4 weeks
Body Mass Index (BMI) = Weight (kg) / Height (m)²
1.4 weeks

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Les enquêteurs

  • Chaise d'étude: Rongfeng Zhu, The 95th Hospital of Putian

Publications et liens utiles

La personne responsable de la saisie des informations sur l'étude fournit volontairement ces publications. Il peut s'agir de tout ce qui concerne l'étude.

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Estimé)

1 octobre 2026

Achèvement primaire (Estimé)

10 octobre 2028

Achèvement de l'étude (Estimé)

11 décembre 2028

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

1 août 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

12 août 2026

Première publication (Réel)

18 août 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

18 août 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

12 août 2026

Dernière vérification

1 août 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • 2025-js025

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?

NON

Description du régime IPD

Some recruiters may object to public disclosure.

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Ces informations ont été extraites directement du site Web clinicaltrials.gov sans aucune modification. Si vous avez des demandes de modification, de suppression ou de mise à jour des détails de votre étude, veuillez contacter register@clinicaltrials.gov. Dès qu'un changement est mis en œuvre sur clinicaltrials.gov, il sera également mis à jour automatiquement sur notre site Web .