Effects of Different Coffee Amounts on Energy Intake, Appetite, Glucose Metabolism and Inflammatory Markers

Inclusion Criteria:

• apparently healthy
• habitual coffee drinkers (>= 1cup of coffee/day)

Exclusion Criteria:

• smokers
• restrained eaters (as this was evaluated using the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire)
• those who reported slimming or any other dietary regime
• athletes
• participants with a known diagnosis of either hypertension, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance or a fasting blood glucose concentration above 125 mg/dl
• subjects on medication for hypertension or on medication known to alter glucose metabolism
• subjects who were on medication that may have an impact on appetite and sensory functioning or who reported a metabolic or
• endocrine disease,
• gastrointestinal disorders,
• a history of medical or surgical events that may have affected the study outcomes