Assessing Catecholamine Treatment Initiation Options: Norepinephrine vs Dopamine for Cardiogenic Shock (ACTION-CS)
The goal of this multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial is to learn whether norepinephrine or dopamine is more effective and safer as the first-line vasoactive drug for treating cardiogenic shock in adults. Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to supply the body. The main questions this study aims to answer are:
Does norepinephrine reduce the risk of death or worsening cardiogenic shock compared with dopamine?
Does norepinephrine lead to fewer complications such as arrhythmias, the need for mechanical circulatory support, or cardiac arrest?
Researchers will compare norepinephrine and dopamine to see which drug better stabilizes blood pressure, improves tissue perfusion, and prevents progression of shock during the early phase of treatment.
Participants will:
Be randomly assigned to receive either norepinephrine or dopamine as the first vasoactive drug
Receive treatment and monitoring based on current clinical guidelines for cardiogenic shock
Undergo regular assessments of blood pressure, laboratory values, heart rhythm, and organ function during hospitalization
Be followed for outcomes at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after enrollment
This study aims to provide evidence that will help determine which initial vasoactive drug offers better outcomes for patients with cardiogenic shock and guide future treatment recommendations.
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Stato
Condizioni
Condizioni
Intervento / Trattamento
Intervento / Trattamento
Descrizione dettagliata
Cardiogenic shock is a severe form of acute circulatory failure characterized by inadequate cardiac output, tissue hypoperfusion, and high short-term mortality. Despite advances in revascularization, mechanical circulatory support, and critical care management, early hemodynamic stabilization remains a major determinant of clinical outcomes. Vasoactive drugs are essential components of initial therapy, yet the optimal first-line agent for cardiogenic shock has not been definitively established.
Norepinephrine and dopamine are widely used vasoactive agents, but they may exert their effects through different physiological mechanisms. Their relative impact on vascular tone, cardiac output, and heart rate can vary depending on dose, patient characteristics, and the underlying pathophysiology of shock. Prior studies, including observational analyses and a landmark randomized trial, have suggested potential differences in safety profiles-particularly regarding arrhythmias-but these findings have not been confirmed in a contemporary population with standardized shock definitions and modern management strategies.
This multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial is designed to compare norepinephrine and dopamine as the initial vasoactive drug in adults with cardiogenic shock. The study uses a protocol-defined dosing algorithm to ensure consistent titration and incorporates current guideline-based management across participating centers. The primary endpoint evaluates both early hemodynamic deterioration and 28-day mortality, reflecting clinically meaningful outcomes during the most vulnerable phase of shock.
By enrolling a large, diverse population across multiple centers, this trial aims to provide definitive evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness and safety of norepinephrine versus dopamine as first-line therapy. The results are expected to inform clinical guidelines and support standardized treatment strategies for patients with cardiogenic shock.
Tipo di studio
Tipo di studio
Iscrizione (Stimato)
Iscrizione
Fase
Fase
- Non applicabile
Contatti e Sedi
Contatto studio
Contatto studio
- Nome: Min Chul Kim, Professor, MD, PhD
- Numero di telefono: 82-10-4606-2643
- Email: kmc3242@hanmail.net
Backup dei contatti dello studio
- Nome: Yongwhan Lim, Professor, MD
- Numero di telefono: 82-10-3229-3392
- Email: kalmiarmfl@naver.com
Luoghi di studio
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Gwangju, Corea del Sud, 61469
- Chonnam National University Hospital
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Criteri di partecipazione
Criteri di ammissibilità
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
- Adulto
- Adulto più anziano
Accetta volontari sani
Descrizione
Inclusion Criteria: 1&2
- Age ≥ 19
Cardiogenic shocka in the stage of Society for cardiovascular angiography and intervention (SCAI) C or D
Cardiogenic shock was defined as follows, and should fulfill both 1) and 2)
- systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg for ≥30 min or need of inotropes or vasopressors to maintain systolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg And
- Impaired cardiac function confirmed by cardiac catheterization or echocardiography
Patients will be further classified based on the SCAI shock classification system as follows:
- SCAI B: no signs of hypoperfusion
- SCAI C: any signs of hypoperfusion, cardiogenic shock will be classified as SCAI C, and these include mental status change, cool and clammy skin, mottled skin appearance, decreased urine output (30ml/hour) or lactate over 2.0mmol/L
- SCAI D: requirement of second-line vasoactive drug or mechanical circulatory support based on the predefined treatment protocol
Exclusion Criteria: any of these,
- Administration of vasoactive drug more than 6 hours before enrollment
- Patients already on temporary mechanical circulatory supportb before enrollment
- Glasgow Coma Scale lower than 8 or other evidence of irreversible brain injury
- Shock etiologies other than cardiogenic which include postcardiotomy shock or mixed shock
- Pregnancy or lactation
Piano di studio
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
- Scopo principale: Trattamento
- Assegnazione: Randomizzato
- Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
- Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)
Numero di armi
Armi e interventi
Gruppo di partecipanti / ArmGruppo di partecipanti / Arm |
Intervento / TrattamentoIntervento / Trattamento |
|---|---|
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Sperimentale: Norepinephrine First-Line Vasoactive Drug
Participants assigned to this arm will receive norepinephrine as the first-line vasoactive drug for the treatment of cardiogenic shock.
The drug will be initiated and titrated according to the protocol-defined dosing algorithm, with adjustments based on hemodynamic response, laboratory values, and clinical status.
If participants were receiving vasoactive agents before randomization, norepinephrine will be started at an equivalent protocol-defined dose, and other agents will be tapered as clinically appropriate.
All treatment and monitoring will follow current clinical guidelines for cardiogenic shock.
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Norepinephrine will be administered as an intravenous continuous infusion and used as the first-line vasoactive drug for the treatment of cardiogenic shock.
The medication will be prepared in standard intensive care unit infusion bags and delivered through a controlled infusion pump.
The infusion will be initiated and titrated according to a protocol-defined dosing algorithm, with adjustments based on blood pressure, hemodynamic response, laboratory values, and overall clinical assessment.
If a participant was receiving vasoactive agents before randomization, norepinephrine will be started at an equivalent protocol-defined dose, and non-assigned agents will be tapered as clinically appropriate.
The duration of infusion will depend on the participant's clinical stabilization.
All administration and monitoring will follow current clinical guidelines for cardiogenic shock.
|
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Comparatore attivo: Dopamine First-Line Vasoactive Drug
articipants assigned to this arm will receive dopamine as the first-line vasoactive drug for the treatment of cardiogenic shock.
The drug will be initiated and titrated according to the protocol-defined dosing algorithm, with adjustments based on hemodynamic response, laboratory values, and clinical status.
If participants were receiving vasoactive agents before randomization, dopamine will be started at an equivalent protocol-defined dose, and other agents will be tapered as clinically appropriate.
All treatment and monitoring will follow current clinical guidelines for cardiogenic shock.
|
Dopamine will be administered as an intravenous continuous infusion and used as the first-line vasoactive drug for the treatment of cardiogenic shock.
The medication will be prepared in standard intensive care unit infusion bags and delivered through a controlled infusion pump.
The infusion will be initiated and titrated according to a protocol-defined dosing algorithm, with adjustments based on blood pressure, hemodynamic response, laboratory values, and overall clinical assessment.
If a participant was receiving vasoactive agents before randomization, dopamine will be started at an equivalent protocol-defined dose, and non-assigned agents will be tapered as clinically appropriate.
The duration of infusion will depend on the participant's clinical stabilization.
All administration and monitoring will follow current clinical guidelines for cardiogenic shock.
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Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
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A composite of 28-day all-cause death or signs of progressive or refractory cardiogenic shock within the first 24 hours
Lasso di tempo: 28 days
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signs of progressive or refractory cardiogenic shock within the first 24 hours, defined as follows, any of:
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28 days
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Misure di risultato secondarie
Misure di risultato secondarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
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All-cause death at 28th day
Lasso di tempo: 28 days
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28 days
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Cardiovascular death at 28th day
Lasso di tempo: 28 days
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28 days
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Number of participants who develop signs of progressive or refractory cardiogenic shock within the first 24 hours
Lasso di tempo: the first 24 hours
|
defined as follows, any of:
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the first 24 hours
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Number of participants who initiate mechanical circulatory support within the first 24 hours
Lasso di tempo: the first 24 hours
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Impella, ECMO or IABP
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the first 24 hours
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Number of participants who initiate a second-line vasoactive drug within the first 24 hours
Lasso di tempo: the first 24 hours
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the first 24 hours
|
|
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Number of participants with cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation within the first 24 hours
Lasso di tempo: the first 24 hours
|
the first 24 hours
|
|
|
Number of participants with arrhythmia requiring electrical cardioversion within the first 24 hours
Lasso di tempo: the first 24 hours
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the first 24 hours
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Number of participants who receive cardiac replacement treatment (temporary or durable mechanical circulatory support or heart transplantation) within the first 28 days
Lasso di tempo: First 28 days
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Temporary mechanical circulatory support include Impella, ECMO or IABP.
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First 28 days
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Number of participants with first-time initiation of renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury (AKI) during initial hospitalization
Lasso di tempo: First 28 days
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First 28 days
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Duration of vasoactive drug use (hours) during initial hospitalization
Lasso di tempo: First 28 days
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Discontinuation of vasoactive drugs is defined as the point when they are no longer required for more than 24 hours and there is no recurrence of shock.
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First 28 days
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Number of participants with new-onset or recurrent atrial or ventricular arrhythmia requiring pharmacologic or electrical cardioversion during initial hospitalization
Lasso di tempo: First 28 days
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First 28 days
|
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Number of participants who develop acute limb ischemia requiring surgical or interventional treatment during initial hospitalization
Lasso di tempo: First 28 days
|
First 28 days
|
|
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Number of participants who develop ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke during initial hospitalization
Lasso di tempo: First 28 days
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First 28 days
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All-cause death at 1 year
Lasso di tempo: 1 year
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1 year
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Cardiovascular death at 1 year
Lasso di tempo: 1 year
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1 year
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Number of participants with rehospitalization due to heart failure within 1 year
Lasso di tempo: 1 year
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1 year
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Number of participants with first-time initiation of renal replacement therapy at 1 year
Lasso di tempo: 1 year
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1 year
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Collaboratori e investigatori
Sponsor
Sponsor
Investigatori
Investigatori
- Investigatore principale: Min Chul Kim, Professor, MD, PhD, Chonnam National University Hospital
- Cattedra di studio: Min Chul Kin, Professor, MD, PhD, Chonnam National University Hospital
Pubblicazioni e link utili
Pubblicazioni generali
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- De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, Madl C, Chochrad D, Aldecoa C, Brasseur A, Defrance P, Gottignies P, Vincent JL; SOAP II Investigators. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 4;362(9):779-89. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0907118.
- Lansky AJ, Messe SR, Brickman AM, Dwyer M, van der Worp HB, Lazar RM, Pietras CG, Abrams KJ, McFadden E, Petersen NH, Browndyke J, Prendergast B, Ng VG, Cutlip DE, Kapadia S, Krucoff MW, Linke A, Moy CS, Schofer J, van Es GA, Virmani R, Popma J, Parides MK, Kodali S, Bilello M, Zivadinov R, Akar J, Furie KL, Gress D, Voros S, Moses J, Greer D, Forrest JK, Holmes D, Kappetein AP, Mack M, Baumbach A. Proposed Standardized Neurological Endpoints for Cardiovascular Clinical Trials: An Academic Research Consortium Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Feb 14;69(6):679-691. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.045.
- Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt-Hansen J, de Riva M, Winkel BG, Behr ER, Blom NA, Charron P, Corrado D, Dagres N, de Chillou C, Eckardt L, Friede T, Haugaa KH, Hocini M, Lambiase PD, Marijon E, Merino JL, Peichl P, Priori SG, Reichlin T, Schulz-Menger J, Sticherling C, Tzeis S, Verstrael A, Volterrani M; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J. 2022 Oct 21;43(40):3997-4126. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262. No abstract available.
- Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, Claeys MJ, Dan GA, Dweck MR, Galbraith M, Gilard M, Hinterbuchner L, Jankowska EA, Juni P, Kimura T, Kunadian V, Leosdottir M, Lorusso R, Pedretti RFE, Rigopoulos AG, Rubini Gimenez M, Thiele H, Vranckx P, Wassmann S, Wenger NK, Ibanez B; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023 Oct 12;44(38):3720-3826. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191. No abstract available.
- Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, White HD; Executive Group on behalf of the Joint European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/World Heart Federation (WHF) Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). Circulation. 2018 Nov 13;138(20):e618-e651. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000617. No abstract available. Erratum In: Circulation. 2018 Nov 13;138(20):e652. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000632.
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- Rao SV, O'Donoghue ML, Ruel M, Rab T, Tamis-Holland JE, Alexander JH, Baber U, Baker H, Cohen MG, Cruz-Ruiz M, Davis LL, de Lemos JA, DeWald TA, Elgendy IY, Feldman DN, Goyal A, Isiadinso I, Menon V, Morrow DA, Mukherjee D, Platz E, Promes SB, Sandner S, Sandoval Y, Schunder R, Shah B, Stopyra JP, Talbot AW, Taub PR, Williams MS. 2025 ACC/AHA/ACEP/NAEMSP/SCAI Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2025 Apr;151(13):e771-e862. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001309. Epub 2025 Feb 27.
- Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Bunting KV, Casado-Arroyo R, Caso V, Crijns HJGM, De Potter TJR, Dwight J, Guasti L, Hanke T, Jaarsma T, Lettino M, Lochen ML, Lumbers RT, Maesen B, Molgaard I, Rosano GMC, Sanders P, Schnabel RB, Suwalski P, Svennberg E, Tamargo J, Tica O, Traykov V, Tzeis S, Kotecha D; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2024 Sep 29;45(36):3314-3414. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae176. No abstract available.
- Harjola VP, Lassus J, Sionis A, Kober L, Tarvasmaki T, Spinar J, Parissis J, Banaszewski M, Silva-Cardoso J, Carubelli V, Di Somma S, Tolppanen H, Zeymer U, Thiele H, Nieminen MS, Mebazaa A; CardShock Study Investigators; GREAT network. Clinical picture and risk prediction of short-term mortality in cardiogenic shock. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015 May;17(5):501-9. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.260. Epub 2015 Mar 28.
- Mathew R, Di Santo P, Hibbert B. Milrinone as Compared with Dobutamine in the Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock. Reply. N Engl J Med. 2021 Nov 25;385(22):2108-2109. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2114890. No abstract available.
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Collegamenti utili
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Date di iscrizione allo studio
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Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità
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Maggiori informazioni
Termini relativi a questo studio
Parole chiave
Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi
- Malattie vascolari
- Malattia cardiovascolare
- Processi patologici
- Malattie cardiache
- Infarto
- Necrosi
- Ischemia miocardica
- Infarto miocardico
- Ischemia
- Shock
- Condizioni patologiche, segni e sintomi
- Shock, cardiogeno
- Prodotti chimici organici
- Idrocarburi
- Idrocarburi, ciclici
- Idrocarburi, aromatici
- Ammine
- Cateco
- Fenoli
- Derivati di benzene
- Alcoli
- Aminouli
- Etanolamine
- Monoamine biogeniche
- Amine biogeniche
- Catecolamine
- Noradrenalina
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
- CNUH-2026-098
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Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio
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