The Effect of Intradialytic Eye Exercise in Hemodialysis Patients
The Effect of Intradialytic Eye Exercise on Physical Function, Balance, and Fall Risk in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Pilot Trial
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Stato
Condizioni
Condizioni
Intervento / Trattamento
Intervento / Trattamento
Descrizione dettagliata
Tipo di studio
Tipo di studio
Iscrizione (Stimato)
Iscrizione
Fase
Fase
- Non applicabile
Contatti e Sedi
Contatto studio
Contatto studio
- Nome: Nasrin Salimian
- Numero di telefono: +989132-51202
- Email: statisrin@gmail.com
Backup dei contatti dello studio
- Nome: Mohammad Ali Tabibi, Dr
- Numero di telefono: +989133184624
- Email: m.tabibi@ut.ac.ir
Luoghi di studio
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Isfahan, Iran
- Pardis specialized wellness institute
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Criteri di partecipazione
Criteri di ammissibilità
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
- Adulto
- Adulto più anziano
Accetta volontari sani
Descrizione
Inclusion Criteria
- Adults ≥18 years receiving maintenance in-center hemodialysis
- Clinically stable for brief seated intradialytic intervention
- Able to understand and follow eye-exercise instructions
- Able to provide informed consent
- Able to sit upright independently during dialysis
- Able to complete repeated outcome assessments
- Able to communicate discomfort or adverse symptoms
- Usual corrective lenses permitted if needed for visual clarity
Exclusion Criteria
- Unstable cardiac conditions (e.g., unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction, decompensated heart failure, uncontrolled arrhythmia)
- Active infection or acute medical illness
- Hemodynamic instability
- Significant cognitive or communication impairment preventing instruction-following
- Severe uncorrected visual impairment or active ocular disease
- Recent major ophthalmologic surgery
- Severe musculoskeletal or neurologic limitations preventing participation or testing
- Any condition deemed unsafe for intradialytic exercise by the treating physician or nephrologist
Piano di studio
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
- Scopo principale: Terapia di supporto
- Assegnazione: Randomizzato
- Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
- Mascheramento: Separare
Numero di armi
Armi e interventi
Gruppo di partecipanti / ArmGruppo di partecipanti / Arm |
Intervento / TrattamentoIntervento / Trattamento |
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Sperimentale: Eye exercise group
Participants will receive a structured eye exercise program designed to train oculomotor control, gaze stability, and eye-head coordination.
The program will be delivered during in-center hemodialysis sessions (intradialytic), under supervision of trained staff or study personnel.
Each session is planned for approximately 15 to 20 minutes during dialysis, 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks (36 sessions total).
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The participants in the study group will perform the eye exercise program while seated during hemodialysis treatment.
The exercises will be administered face-to-face in the dialysis unit (not via teleconference).
Each session will last 15 to 20 minutes and will be performed during clinically stable periods of dialysis.
The program includes vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR x1 and adaptation), saccadic eye movements (rapid shifts between targets), smooth pursuit (tracking moving targets), vergence (near-far focus), and integrated head-eye coordination exercises, performed in a seated position with progressive speed and complexity to enhance gaze stability and balance.
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Nessun intervento: Control group
Participants allocated to the control arm will receive standard nephrology care during dialysis and routine advice to maintain their usual daily activities.
They will not receive the structured eye-exercise program during the intervention period.
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Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
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Recruitment rate
Lasso di tempo: Baseline to 12 weeks
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Defined as the number of enrolled participants divided by the number of eligible participants screened, expressed as a percentage.
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Baseline to 12 weeks
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Retention rate
Lasso di tempo: Baseline to 12 weeks
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Defined as the number of participants who complete the final post-intervention assessment divided by the number randomized, expressed as a percentage.
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Baseline to 12 weeks
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Adherence rate
Lasso di tempo: Baseline to 12 weeks
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Defined as the number of completed eye-exercise sessions divided by the number of planned sessions, expressed as a percentage.
Session completion will be documented in an adherence log verified by weekly contact.
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Baseline to 12 weeks
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Safety and tolerability
Lasso di tempo: Baseline to 12 weeks
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Defined as the number, type, and severity of adverse events temporally related to the eye exercise program, including dizziness, headache, nausea, eye strain, blurred vision, or blood pressure-related symptoms.
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Baseline to 12 weeks
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Misure di risultato secondarie
Misure di risultato secondarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
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Physical function (SPPB total score)
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), including balance stands, 4-meter gait speed, and repeated chair stands.
The total score ranges from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating better physical function.
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Functional mobility (Timed Up and Go test)
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Measured as the time in seconds required to stand from a standard chair, walk 3 meters, turn, return, and sit down.
Shorter times indicate better mobility and lower mobility-related fall risk.
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Lower-limb functional strength (30-second sit-to-stand)
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Measured as the number of full sit-to-stand repetitions completed in 30 seconds from a standard chair without using the arms when possible.
Higher repetition counts indicate better lower-limb strength and endurance.
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Balance (Berg Balance Scale)
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Assessed with the Berg Balance Scale, a 14-item performance-based measure of static and dynamic balance.
Each item is scored on a 0-4 scale, with higher total scores indicating better balance.
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Fall risk / fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International)
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Assessed with the 16-item Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I).
Each item is rated on a 4-point scale; higher total scores indicate greater concern about falling and higher perceived fall-related risk.
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Collaboratori e investigatori
Sponsor
Sponsor
Investigatori
Investigatori
- Direttore dello studio: Mohammad Ali Tabibi, Dr, Study Director Pardis Specialized Wellness Institute
Pubblicazioni e link utili
Pubblicazioni generali
- Finco MG, Najafi B, Zhou H, Hamad A, Ibrahim R, Al-Ali F. Game-based intradialytic non-weight-bearing exercise training on gait speed and balance in older adults with diabetes: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 30;13(1):14225. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41290-3.
- Hu H, Wu C, Kwok JYY, Ho MH, Chau PH, Lok KYW, Choi EPH. Effects of Different Exercises on Physical Function, Dialysis Adequacy, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Am J Nephrol. 2023;54(9-10):379-390. doi: 10.1159/000532109. Epub 2023 Aug 3.
- Son CH, Sim GW, Kim K. A Study on the Effects of a Self-Administered Eye Exercise Program on the Balance and Gait Ability of Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pers Med. 2024 Jun 2;14(6):595. doi: 10.3390/jpm14060595.
- Mueangson O, Keawmai W, Pabbumnan R, Chukaithai A, Thongdonmuean P, Vongvaivanichakul P. The Effects of Eye Exercises on Eye-Hand Coordination, Cognitive Functions and Balance Ability of the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Oct 14;22(10):1564. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22101564.
- Asahina Y, Sakaguchi Y, Kajimoto S, Hattori K, Oka T, Kaimori JY, Kashihara N, Isaka Y. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Whole-Body Vibration on Gait Ability and Balance among Older Hemodialysis Patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023 Jan 1;18(1):84-90. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000018.
- Yabe, H., Yamaguchi, T., Kono, K. et al. Effect of intradialytic exercise on fall occurrences in older patients undergoing hemodialysis: a single-center non-randomized study. Ren Replace Ther 9, 48 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41100-023-00503-1
- Gute L, Zimbudzi E. Interventions to reduce falls among dialysis patients: a systematic review. BMC Nephrol. 2023 Dec 21;24(1):382. doi: 10.1186/s12882-023-03408-7.
- Bogataj S, Pajek M, Kren A, Kurnik Mesaric K, Pajek J. Randomized Controlled Trial of Intradialytic Cognitive and Physical Training to Enhance Functional Capacity. Kidney Int Rep. 2024 Apr 15;9(7):2028-2036. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.04.029. eCollection 2024 Jul.
- Shirai N, Morishita S, Osawa Y, Yamamoto S. Effect of increased fear of falling on falls in patients undergoing HD: A narrative review. Fukushima J Med Sci. 2025 Jan 18;71(1):13-24. doi: 10.5387/fms.24-00014. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
- Tang J, Wang B, Yuan Q, Li X. Prevalence and risk factors of falls in people on hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail. 2025 Dec;47(1):2485375. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2025.2485375. Epub 2025 Apr 9.
- Jesus LAS, Pinheiro BV, Gravina EPL, Silva CMB, Paticcie GF, Koufaki P, Lucinda LMF, Oliveira CC, Reboredo MM. Physical Function Tests to Assess Postural Balance in Patients on Dialysis: A Systematic Review. Hemodial Int. 2025 Oct;29(4):472-486. doi: 10.1111/hdi.13263. Epub 2025 May 30.
- Takahashi R, Yabe H, Ishikawa H, Hibino T, Suzumura A, Yamada T. The Impact of Intradialytic Exercise on Activities of Daily Living and Physical Function in Hospitalized Hemodialysis Patients: A Study of Efficacy and Safety. JMA J. 2025 Jul 15;8(3):834-845. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2024-0349. Epub 2025 Jun 6.
- Correia A, Pimenta C, Alves M, Virella D. Better balance: a randomised controlled trial of oculomotor and gaze stability exercises to reduce risk of falling after stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2021 Feb;35(2):213-221. doi: 10.1177/0269215520956338. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
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Maggiori informazioni
Termini relativi a questo studio
Parole chiave
Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi
- Malattie urogenitali
- Processi patologici
- Malattie urogenitali maschili
- Malattie renali
- Malattie urologiche
- Malattie urogenitali femminili
- Malattie urogenitali femminili e complicanze della gravidanza
- Malattia cronica
- Attributi della malattia
- Insufficienza renale
- Insufficienza renale cronica
- Condizioni patologiche, segni e sintomi
- Insufficienza renale cronica
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
- PA26HD-2-01
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