- ICH GCP
- Registro degli studi clinici negli Stati Uniti
- Sperimentazione clinica NCT00565071
Parasite-based Diagnosis for Malaria in Uganda: Feasibility and Cost-Effectiveness
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Intervento / Trattamento
Descrizione dettagliata
The development of drug resistance in malaria parasites lead the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) to change the first-line anti-malarial treatment from the cheap Chloroquine/Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine combination to a more expensive Artemether-Lumefantrine. The MoH recommends treatment of all fever cases as malaria within 24 hours of illness with first-line drug. Under this policy, patients who do not have malaria but present with febrile illness will receive Coartem® resulting in significant drug wastage. With the increased cost of first-line drugs, this wastage places a substantial and potentially remediable burden on the health budget. As such, there is a need to gauge whether more accurate malaria diagnosis through microscopy and/or rapid diagnostic tests, might improve the cost-effectiveness of the new treatment regimes.
Specific objectives
- To assess the feasibility of rapid test and microscopy in diagnosis of malaria at health centre III.
- To compare the cost-effectiveness of treating malaria with Artemether- Lumefantrine based on microscopy, rapid test and presumptive diagnosis in different transmission intensities
- To assess whether introduction of malaria parasite-based diagnosis (rapid test or microscopy) at government Health Centre III improves the overall cost-effectiveness of outpatient management of febrile illness
Sample size determination The sample size was determined using standard formula. Estimating the sensitivity of either test to be 90%, Zα =1.96 and after stratifying for age (<5 years and ≥5 years), the calculated sample is 272 per health centre. Therefore, the total number of patients for 6 health centres in two districts = 6 x 272 = 1632.
Baseline: Baseline data was collected on the current malaria treatment practices; clinicians' view of malaria diagnosis; concerns towards the new treatment; and health centre staffing. Geographical locations of all visited government health centres was recorded using Germin etrex global positioning system (Germin International Inc., Olathe, USA). At six selected health centres, social and demographic data was collected from 613 patients.
Implementation of intervention: The main intervention is comprised of three malaria diagnostic approaches: presumptive diagnosis, field microscopy and rapid test (Paracheck Pf® device - Orchid Biomedical Systems, Goa, India). Each of these approaches was randomly allocated to a health centre. The first-line drug used is Artemether/Lumefantrine (20mg/120mg) (Novartis, Switzerland).
Consenting subjects are consecutively enrolled at the point when the attending clinician suspects that they have uncomplicated malaria. Where microscopy is the main diagnostic method, thick and thin blood smears are prepared per patient enrolled. Where rapid test is the main method, all patients are tested. One hundred patients per health centre are randomly selected to provide blood specimens for validation using expert microscopy and PCR as "gold standard." After enrolment, patients are systematically tracked until departure from the health centre. Patients are followed up on the seventh day of treatment to assess their clinical improvement. Those who fail to return on the scheduled date are traced from their homes on the eighth day.
Follow-up activities include: documentation of drugs prescribed and or dispensed; clinically assess the patient's status in comparison to Day 0; perform further tests including PCR if the patient does not show improvement; pill counting of drugs remaining - if the patient has not completed the dose; documentation of reasons for not completing dose; and documentation if the patient bought the prescribed drugs that were out of stock on Day 0.
Effectiveness is measured as the number of patients commencing treatment with Artemether/Lumefantrine. However, patients are followed up and effectiveness also measured on the 7th day of treatment indicated by their clinical improvement. The feasibility of the diagnostic methods is ongoing from the March 2010 to date.
Tipo di studio
Iscrizione (Anticipato)
Fase
- Non applicabile
Contatti e Sedi
Contatto studio
- Nome: Vincent K. Batwala, MPH
Backup dei contatti dello studio
- Nome: Fred Nuwaha, MD, PhD
Luoghi di studio
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Bushenyi and Iganga, Uganda
- Reclutamento
- Bushenyi and Iganga districts - Government Health Cetres level III
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Contatto:
- Fred Nuwaha, MD, PhD
- Numero di telefono: +256 782 518324
- Email: nuwahaf@yahoo.co.uk
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Contatto:
- Vincent K. Batwala, MPH
- Numero di telefono: +256 712 074706
- Email: vbatwala@yahoo.com
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Criteri di partecipazione
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
Accetta volontari sani
Sessi ammissibili allo studio
Descrizione
Inclusion Criteria:
- Suspected uncomplicated malaria infection
- Consent to participate
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy (policy recommends quinine for treatment of malaria in pregnancy)
Piano di studio
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
- Scopo principale: Diagnostico
- Assegnazione: Non randomizzato
- Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
- Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)
Armi e interventi
Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm |
Intervento / Trattamento |
---|---|
Altro: Field microscopy
Field microscopy is the main method of malaria diagnosis
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Malaria diagnosis based on microscopy and or Paracheck Pf®.
Artemether/Lumefantrine (20mg/120mg) is first-line drug in all arms
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Altro: Paracheck Pf® device
Paracheck Pf® device (Rapid Diagnostic Test) is the main method for malaria diagnosis
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Malaria diagnosis based on microscopy and or Paracheck Pf®.
Artemether/Lumefantrine (20mg/120mg) is first-line drug in all arms
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Nessun intervento: Presumptive diagnostic method
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Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Lasso di tempo |
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diagnostic test validity; unit cost per malaria case diagnosed and treated with Artemether-Lumefantrine; total savings associated with treatment of confirmed malaria cases; compliance with directives for use of rapid test or microscopy
Lasso di tempo: 18 months
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18 months
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Misure di risultato secondarie
Misura del risultato |
Lasso di tempo |
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unit cost of non-malaria febrile treatment; therapeutic behaviour in light of pressure to prescribe antimalarials
Lasso di tempo: 18 months
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18 months
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Collaboratori e investigatori
Sponsor
Collaboratori
Investigatori
- Cattedra di studio: Fred Nuwaha, MD, PhD, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere Universtiy School of Public Health
Pubblicazioni e link utili
Pubblicazioni generali
- Batwala V, Magnussen P, Mirembe J, Mulogo E, Nuwaha F. Timing of malaria messages for target audience on radio airwaves. Malar J. 2012 Aug 20;11:283. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-283.
- Batwala V, Magnussen P, Nuwaha F. Antibiotic use among patients with febrile illness in a low malaria endemicity setting in Uganda. Malar J. 2011 Dec 20;10:377. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-377.
- Batwala V, Magnussen P, Nuwaha F. Comparative feasibility of implementing rapid diagnostic test and microscopy for parasitological diagnosis of malaria in Uganda. Malar J. 2011 Dec 19;10:373. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-373.
- Batwala V, Magnussen P, Hansen KS, Nuwaha F. Cost-effectiveness of malaria microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests versus presumptive diagnosis: implications for malaria control in Uganda. Malar J. 2011 Dec 19;10:372. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-372.
- Batwala V, Magnussen P, Nuwaha F. Are rapid diagnostic tests more accurate in diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum malaria compared to microscopy at rural health centres? Malar J. 2010 Dec 2;9:349. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-349.
- Batwala V, Magnussen P, Nuwaha F. Challenges to implementation of artemisinin combination therapy policy in Uganda. Int Health. 2010 Dec;2(4):262-8. doi: 10.1016/j.inhe.2010.07.002.
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Inizio studio
Completamento primario (Anticipato)
Completamento dello studio (Anticipato)
Date di iscrizione allo studio
Primo inviato
Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità
Primo Inserito (Stima)
Aggiornamenti dei record di studio
Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Stima)
Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC
Ultimo verificato
Maggiori informazioni
Termini relativi a questo studio
Parole chiave
Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
- 2006/HD20/4758U
Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio
Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti
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