頭頸部扁平上皮癌（SCCHN）に対するネオアジュバントペムブロリズマブおよびIO102-103。 (KIEO)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Be willing and able to provide written informed consent/assent for the trial.

• Be 18 years of age on day of signing informed consent.

• Patients with non-bulky/non-bulky squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, with an indication for surgical therapy.

  1. Surgically resectable disease - generally that is T1N1-N2B, T2-4N0-N2b stage are generally eligible (AJCC 7th), however exceptions can be made after approval by the PI for surgically appropriate cases.
  2. If determined per tumor board that a low-volume/non-bulky tumor of another stage is appropriate for resection (e.g. small volume T4 with a small amount of bone invasion) such tumors may also be considered for this study if recommendation in tumor board is such.

• Be appropriate candidates for resection and curative intent therapy in general.

• Have a performance status of 0 or 1 on the ECOG Performance Scale.

• Consent to undergo biopsy from a newly obtained core or excisional biopsy of a tumor lesion before study drug administration, and during treatment. Biopsy in case of progressive disease is optional.

• Demonstrate adequate organ function

• Female subject of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.

• Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of birth control or be surgically sterile or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication. Subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free from menses for > 1 year.

• Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy.

  1. Abstinence is considered an adequate contraception method.

Exclusion Criteria:

• A Women of child bearing potential (WOCBP) who has a positive urine pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to treatment allocation/registration . If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.
• Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti PD L2 agent or with an agent directed to another stimulatory or co-inhibitory T-cell receptor
• Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy for HNSCC including investigational agents within 4 weeks of first dose of study treatment.
• Has received prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study intervention. Participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis. A 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation (≤2 weeks of radiotherapy) to non- Central nervous system (CNS) disease.
• Has received a live vaccine or live-attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug (including live COVID-19 vaccines). Administration of killed vaccines is allowed. Administration of messenger RNA (mRNA) or peptide vaccines (e.g., for COVID-19) is allowed.
• Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study intervention.
• Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (in dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
• Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the past 2 years. Participants with basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, low grade cancers that are not expected to impact life expectancy within the next 3 years and not impact interpretation of this study are allowed
• Has known active CNS metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Participants with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are radiologically stable, i.e., without evidence of progression for at least 4 weeks by repeat imaging
• Has severe hypersensitivity (≥Grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients.
• Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs), unless it is systemic steroid therapy equal or less than outlined in exclusion criteria 7.

Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement .

therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment and is allowed.

• Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease that required steroids or has current pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease.
• Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy.
• Has a known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
• Has a known history of Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C virus
• Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the study, interfere with the participant's participation for the full duration of the study, or is not in the best interest of the participant to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator.
• Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial as per assessment of the treating physician. Chronic managed disorders that are not clinically active are acceptable.
• Is pregnant or breastfeeding or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the study, starting with the screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment.
• Has had an allogenic tissue/solid organ transplant.
• Congestive heart failure , unstable angina, serious uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, a myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to study entry or a history of myocarditis