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Effects of Beef-Forward Ready-to-Eat Meals on Recovery Following Simulated Fire Suppression Activities (FIRE-BEEF)

2026년 9월 9일 업데이트: Drew Gonzalez, Sam Houston State University

Effects of Beef-forward Ready-to-eat Meals Before and After Simulated Fire Suppressive Activities on Markers of Cardiometabolic Health, Catabolism, and Recovery: A Pilot Feasibility Study

This clinical trial aims to determine whether consuming beef-based protein before and after physically demanding simulated firefighting activities improves recovery, physical performance, and cognitive performance in healthy adult firefighters. The study will also compare beef-based protein meals with plant-based protein meals.

The main questions this study aims to answer are:

Does consuming beef-based protein reduce changes in markers of muscle damage, physiological stress, and muscle soreness following a simulated fire ground test?

Does consuming beef-based protein help maintain or improve physical and cognitive performance during recovery compared with plant-based protein?

Researchers will compare two ready-to-eat meal conditions: beef-based protein, and plant-based protein. Each participant will complete all two conditions in a randomized crossover design, with 14 to 21 days between conditions.

연구 개요

상태

모병

정황

개입 / 치료

상세 설명

Firefighting is a physically and cognitively demanding occupation characterized by repeated exposure to strenuous activity, heat stress, heavy personal protective equipment, and time-sensitive occupational tasks. These demands can produce substantial physiological stress and fatigue that may influence recovery and readiness for subsequent occupational activities. Despite the importance of maintaining readiness between demanding events, relatively little is known about how short-term dietary strategies, particularly protein source and intake, influence recovery in career firefighters.

This study will examine the effects of short-term consumption of ready-to-eat meals (RTEM) differing in protein source and quantity on physiological recovery and occupational performance following strenuous simulated firefighting activity. The study uses a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures crossover design in healthy adult career firefighters. Participants will complete two experimental conditions separated by a 14- to 21-day washout period. The dietary conditions consist of beef-based protein RTEM and plant-based protein RTEM. The beef- and plant-based conditions are designed to provide comparable energy and macronutrient intake while allowing investigation of potential differences associated with protein source.

During each experimental condition, participants will complete a simulated fire ground test (FGT) consisting of nine occupationally relevant firefighting tasks while wearing personal protective equipment and a self-contained breathing apparatus. The FGT includes hose deployment and pulling, charged hose deployment, equipment carrying, a low-room search, forcible entry, ladder carrying, stair climbing and hose hoisting, ceiling breach activities, and a victim-dummy drag. Measures of FGT completion time, heart rate, air consumption, and work efficiency will be collected to characterize occupational performance and physiological demand.

Recovery will be evaluated before the simulated firefighting activity and during the subsequent recovery period. Assessments will characterize blood-based markers of catabolism, immune stress, muscle damage, and clinical safety, as well as muscle soreness, mood, cognitive function, vertical jump performance, and subsequent occupational performance.

The primary hypothesis is that the beef-based RTEM condition will attenuate catabolic responses, immune stress, muscle damage, soreness, and perceptions of fatigue following the FGT while supporting the maintenance or recovery of cognitive and physical performance. The inclusion of plant-based protein condition will help determine whether recovery responses differ according to dietary protein source and protein quantity.

The findings are intended to provide preliminary evidence regarding practical, food-based nutritional strategies that may support recovery and occupational readiness among firefighters following strenuous firefighting activity.

연구 유형

중재적

등록 (추정된)

20

단계

  • 해당 없음

연락처 및 위치

이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

연구 연락처

연구 장소

    • Texas
      • Fort Worth, Texas, 미국, 76115
        • 모병
        • Bob Bolen Public Safety Complex Administration
        • 연락하다:
        • 부수사관:
          • Andrew Wolfe, EdD
        • 부수사관:
          • Nick Barringer, PhD
        • 부수사관:
          • Brian Newman, PhD
        • 연락하다:
        • 부수사관:
          • David Church, PhD
        • 부수사관:
          • Austin Garybeal, PhD
      • Huntsville, Texas, 미국, 77340
        • 모병
        • Sam Houston State University
        • 연락하다:

참여기준

연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.

자격 기준

공부할 수 있는 나이

  • 성인

건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다

예

설명

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18 to 60 years of age
  • Current trained male or female firefighter with the Fort Worth Fire Department
  • Able to comply with all study procedures and the study timeline
  • Willing to consume only the study-provided ready-to-eat meals (RTEM) during designated study periods
  • Willing to refrain from alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, and over-the-counter pain medications for 48 hours before testing sessions
  • Available to complete the study visits and required testing procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Younger than 18 years or older than 60 years
  • Not a current firefighter with the Fort Worth Fire Department
  • Pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant during the study
  • Orthopedic or musculoskeletal limitations that prevent safe completion of the vertical jump or simulated fire ground test
  • Use of weight-loss dietary supplements or medications within the previous 2 weeks
  • Unwilling to refrain from alcohol, NSAIDs, aspirin, or over-the-counter pain medications for 48 hours before testing sessions
  • Unwilling or unable to consume only the study-provided RTEM during designated study periods
  • Heavy smoking, defined as more than 1 pack of cigarettes per day during the previous 3 months
  • Allergy to any of the protein sources or study foods

공부 계획

이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.

연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?

디자인 세부사항

  • 주 목적: 치료
  • 할당: 무작위
  • 중재 모델: 크로스오버 할당
  • 마스킹: 더블

무기와 개입

참가자 그룹 / 팔
개입 / 치료
활성 비교기: Plant-Based Protein Ready-to-Eat Meals
Participants will consume plant-based protein ready-to-eat meals (RTEM) during this comparator condition. Meals will be designed to approximate the energy and macronutrient content of the pork-based condition, providing approximately 700-800 kcal, 80 g carbohydrate, 50 g protein, and 30 g fat per meal, with plant-based foods such as soy, tempeh, or tofu as the primary protein sources. Participants will consume the study-provided meals surrounding the simulated fire ground testing and recovery period, with the same physiological, cognitive, and physical performance outcomes assessed.
Plant-Based Protein Ready-to-Eat Meals: Participants will consume study-provided ready-to-eat meals (RTEM) in which plant-based foods serve as the primary protein source. Plant protein sources may include soy, tempeh, tofu, and other soy-based foods. Meals are designed to provide approximately 700 - 800 kcal, 80 g carbohydrate, 50 g protein, and 30 g fat per meal, with total daily protein intake targeted at approximately 1.4-2.0 g/kg/day. Plant-based meals will be provided during the approximately 3-day experimental period surrounding the simulated fire ground test and subsequent recovery assessments and will be matched as closely as feasible to the pork-based condition for energy and macronutrient content.
실험적: Beef-Based Protein Ready-to-Eat Meals
Participants will consume beef-based protein ready-to-eat meals (RTEM) during this experimental condition. Meals will provide approximately 700.- 800 kcal, 80 g carbohydrate, 50 g protein, and 30 g fat per meal, with lean beef serving as the primary protein source. The dietary intervention is designed to provide a total daily protein intake consistent with study targets. Participants will consume the study-provided meals surrounding the simulated fire ground testing and recovery period, with physiological, cognitive, and physical performance outcomes assessed during recovery.
Beef-Based Protein Ready-to-Eat Meals: Participants will consume study-provided ready-to-eat meals (RTEM) in which lean beef serves as the primary protein source. Meals are designed to provide approximately 700 - 800 kcal, 80 g carbohydrate, 50 g protein, and 30 g fat per meal, with total daily protein intake targeted at approximately 1.4-2.0 g/kg/day. Beef-based meals will be provided during the approximately 3-day experimental period surrounding the simulated fire ground test and subsequent recovery assessments. Meals are designed to match the energy and macronutrient content of the plant-based protein condition.

연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?

주요 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Change in Testosterone and Cortisol
기간: Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours following the simulated fire ground test
Serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations will be measured to characterize anabolic and catabolic hormonal responses following the simulated fire ground test. Changes in testosterone, cortisol, and the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio will be compared across dietary conditions.
Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours following the simulated fire ground test
Change in Serum Creatine Kinase
기간: Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours following the simulated fire ground test
Serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration will be measured as a marker of muscle damage and recovery following the simulated fire ground test. Changes in CK will be compared across the pork-based protein, plant-based protein, and carbohydrate-focused lower-protein dietary conditions.
Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours following the simulated fire ground test
Change in Perceived Muscle Soreness
기간: Pre-fire ground test and 24, 48, and 72 hours of recovery
Participants will report perceived muscle soreness to characterize subjective recovery following the simulated fire ground test. Muscle soreness responses will be compared across dietary conditions.
Pre-fire ground test and 24, 48, and 72 hours of recovery
Fire Ground Test Completion Time
기간: During each simulated fire ground test on Day 1 (baseline) and Day 4 (72 hour mark)
Total time required to complete the simulated fire ground test (FGT) will be recorded as a measure of occupational firefighting performance. The FGT consists of standardized firefighting-related tasks performed while wearing personal protective equipment and a self-contained breathing apparatus.
During each simulated fire ground test on Day 1 (baseline) and Day 4 (72 hour mark)

2차 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Change in Complete Blood Count With Differential
기간: Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours following the simulated fire ground test
A complete blood count (CBC) with differential will be assessed to characterize hematological responses and monitor clinical safety across the experimental conditions. Measures will include standard hematological indices and leukocyte differential components reported by the clinical laboratory.
Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours following the simulated fire ground test
Change in Comprehensive Metabolic Panel
기간: Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours following the simulated fire ground test
A comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) will be assessed to characterize metabolic responses and monitor clinical safety across the experimental conditions. Standard CMP components, including markers related to renal and hepatic function, electrolytes, glucose, and protein status, will be evaluated as reported by the clinical laboratory.
Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours following the simulated fire ground test
Food Satisfaction
기간: At Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours
Participants will report satisfaction with the study-provided ready-to-eat meals to characterize acceptability of each dietary condition.
At Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours
Heart Rate During the Fire Ground Test
기간: During each simulated fire ground test on Day 1 (baseline) and Day 4 (72 hour mark)
Heart rate will be monitored during the simulated fire ground test to characterize cardiovascular demand during occupational firefighting activity.
During each simulated fire ground test on Day 1 (baseline) and Day 4 (72 hour mark)
Change in Vertical Jump Performance
기간: Pre-fire ground test on Day 1 and Day 4
Vertical jump performance will be assessed as an indicator of lower-body neuromuscular performance and recovery following the simulated fire ground test. Performance will be compared across dietary conditions.
Pre-fire ground test on Day 1 and Day 4

기타 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Frequency and Severity of Adverse Symptoms
기간: At Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours
Participants will report the frequency and severity of general symptoms or side effects associated with each dietary condition, including gastrointestinal distress, dizziness, and shortness of breath.
At Baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours
Change in Profile of Mood States
기간: Pre-fire ground test and through 24, 48, and 72 hours of recovery
The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire will be used to assess changes in mood state and perceived fatigue associated with the simulated fire ground test and subsequent recovery.
Pre-fire ground test and through 24, 48, and 72 hours of recovery
Change in Trail Making Test Performance
기간: Pre-fire ground test and through 24, 48, and 72 hours of recovery
The Trail Making Test (TMT) will be used to assess cognitive performance during recovery from the simulated fire ground test. Performance will be compared across dietary conditions.
Pre-fire ground test and through 24, 48, and 72 hours of recovery
Change in Psychomotor Vigilance Test Performance
기간: Pre-fire ground test and through 24, 48, and 72 hours of recovery
The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) will be used to assess sustained attention and reaction-time performance during recovery from the simulated fire ground test. Performance will be compared across dietary conditions.
Pre-fire ground test and through 24, 48, and 72 hours of recovery

공동 작업자 및 조사자

여기에서 이 연구와 관련된 사람과 조직을 찾을 수 있습니다.

스폰서

협력자

수사관

  • 수석 연구원: Drew E Gonzalez, PhD, Sam Houston State University

간행물 및 유용한 링크

연구에 대한 정보 입력을 담당하는 사람이 자발적으로 이러한 간행물을 제공합니다. 이것은 연구와 관련된 모든 것에 관한 것일 수 있습니다.

연구 기록 날짜

이 날짜는 ClinicalTrials.gov에 대한 연구 기록 및 요약 결과 제출의 진행 상황을 추적합니다. 연구 기록 및 보고된 결과는 공개 웹사이트에 게시되기 전에 특정 품질 관리 기준을 충족하는지 확인하기 위해 국립 의학 도서관(NLM)에서 검토합니다.

연구 주요 날짜

연구 시작 (실제)

2026년 6월 1일

기본 완료 (추정된)

2026년 11월 30일

연구 완료 (추정된)

2026년 12월 31일

연구 등록 날짜

최초 제출

2026년 9월 9일

QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출

2026년 9월 9일

처음 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 9월 16일

연구 기록 업데이트

마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 9월 16일

QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출

2026년 9월 9일

마지막으로 확인됨

2026년 9월 1일

추가 정보

이 연구와 관련된 용어

기타 연구 ID 번호

  • IRB-2026-110
  • 2735 (기타 보조금/기금 번호: The National Cattlemen's Beef Association)

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD) 계획

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD)를 공유할 계획입니까?

미정

IPD 계획 설명

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be made publicly available. Requests for de-identified participant-level data may be considered on a case-by-case basis following publication of the primary study findings. Interested researchers may contact the corresponding author to inquire about data availability. Any data sharing will depend on the nature and purpose of the request, protection of participant confidentiality, applicable informed consent provisions, and approval or authorization as required by Sam Houston State University, the Institutional Review Board, the funding agency, and/or other applicable agreements or policies. Accordingly, we have not made a final determination regarding IPD sharing at this time.

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