- ICH GCP
- 미국 임상 시험 레지스트리
- 임상시험 NCT00000505
심근경색증(TIMI)의 혈전 용해
연구 개요
상세 설명
배경:
관상 동맥 질환은 미국에서 사망의 주요 원인이며 매년 거의 500,000명이 사망합니다. 연구에 따르면 심근경색증은 환자의 최대 80%에서 폐쇄성 관상동맥 혈전과 관련이 있는 것으로 확인되었습니다. 1세대 및 2세대 혈전용해제(streptokinase 및 rt-PA 포함)는 혈전이 경색 관련 관상 동맥을 막은 심근 혈류를 복원하는 데 성공적으로 사용되었습니다. 그러나 가장 적합한 혈전 용해제 용량 및 투여 방법, 후속 재폐색, 재협착 및/또는 심근 경색의 위험, 추가 요법의 필요성, 이점 또는 출혈성 합병증의 가능성을 결정하기 위해 추가 임상 조사가 필요했습니다.
1983년 국립 심장, 폐, 혈액 연구소는 TIMI 연구 그룹을 설립했습니다. 이 그룹은 13개의 임상 센터(나중에 24개로 확장됨), 방사선 코어 실험실, 방사성핵종 코어 실험실 및 데이터 조정 센터로 구성되었습니다.
디자인 내러티브:
TIMI 시험은 두 단계로 진행되었습니다. 1상 또는 TIMI 1상에서 적격한 환자는 무작위로 80mg의 재조합 조직형 플라스미노겐 활성화제(rt-PA) 또는 150만 단위의 스트렙토키나제를 정맥 주사하여 상대적인 안전성과 효능을 결정했습니다. 무작위 배정 후, 경색 관련 동맥에서 50% 이상의 협착증이 혈관 조영술로 기록된 것으로 밝혀진 환자는 이중 맹검 방식, 완전 항응고 및 기존 치료로 혈전 용해 요법을 받았습니다. 이후 환자들은 반복적인 카테터 삽입, 방사성 핵종 심실 조영술, 퇴원 전, 6주 및 6개월 심혈관 검사를 받았습니다.
TIMI I은 1985년 2월 치료군에서 관상동맥 재관류율의 통계적으로 유의미한 차이 때문에 중단되었습니다. rt-PA는 우수한 혈전용해제로 밝혀졌습니다. TIMI Phase I에 이어 rt-PA 제조사는 rt-PA의 대규모 생산 방식으로 변경하였으며, 신제품은 in vitro 및 실험동물에서 기존 제품과 대등한 혈전용해 활성 및 특이성을 갖는 것으로 확인됨 방법. 그러나 TIMI 조사관은 TIMI 2상을 시작하기 전에 임상 평가가 필요하다고 결론지었습니다.
따라서 '새로운' 정맥 내 rt-PA의 안전성과 효능을 확립하기 위한 목적으로 TIMI 공개 라벨 단계 연구가 1985년에 시작되었습니다. 1상에서와 같이 종료점은 경색 관련 관상동맥이 완전히 폐쇄된 것으로 기록된 환자에서 치료 시작 후 90분 이내에 관상동맥 혈전이 용해되는 것이었습니다. 연구의 추가 목표는 18-48시간에서 경색 관련 동맥의 재폐색률을 결정하고 경색 관련 동맥의 관류를 유지하고 재발성 심근경색을 예방하는 PTCA의 효능을 결정하는 것이었습니다. TIMI Open Label Phase 연구는 최적의 관상 동맥 재개통 및 재관류 유지가 6시간에 걸쳐 주입된 '새로운' rt-PA 150mg에서 발생한다고 결정했습니다. 그러나 150mg rt-PA에서 관찰된 후속 출혈 합병증으로 인해 rt-PA 용량을 100mg으로 변경해야 했습니다.
TIMI II에서 환자 등록은 1986년 4월에 시작되어 1988년 6월에 3,534명의 환자 등록으로 끝났습니다. 환자들은 심근경색으로 인한 것으로 생각되는 흉통이 시작된 후 4시간 이내에 정맥주사 rt-PA로 치료받았고 침습적 전략 또는 보존적 전략에 무작위로 배정되었습니다. 1차 종점은 6주 및 1년 추적 관찰에서 재발성 심근경색이 없는 생존이었다. 1,681명의 환자가 rt-PA 치료 후 18시간에서 48시간 사이에 카테터 삽입을 수행한 지연 침습 전략에 할당되었습니다. 카테터 삽입이 기술적으로 접근 가능한 것으로 간주되는 경색 관련 동맥의 60% 이상의 소계 협착을 나타내면 혈관 성형술을 시도했습니다. 침습적 전략군에서 카테터삽입을 시행한 1,500명의 환자 중 60.5%에서 혈관성형술을 시행하였다. 나머지 39.5%인 593명의 환자는 혈관 성형술을 시행하지 않았습니다. 1,658명의 환자가 경색 후 21일 이내에 자발적 또는 운동 유발성 심근 허혈이 있는 587명의 환자에 대해 심장 카테터 삽입을 예약하는 보존적 전략에 할당되었습니다. 이 팔에 있는 환자의 총 13.5%가 관상동맥 성형술을 받았고, 7.6%는 바이패스 수술을 받았고, 1.1%는 두 절차를 모두 받았습니다. 보수적 전략 그룹 환자의 77%는 경색 후 21일 이내에 혈관재생술을 받지 않았습니다.
586명의 환자를 대상으로 한 하위 시험인 TIMI IIA는 적절한 경우 경피 경혈관 관상동맥 성형술을 사용한 즉각적인 심장 카테터 삽입이 18~48시간 후에 수행된 동일한 절차보다 이점을 부여하는지 여부를 조사했습니다. 모든 환자는 급성 심근경색 발병 후 4시간 이내에 rt-PA 정맥주사로 치료받았다.
이 기록에 나열된 연구 완료 날짜는 프로토콜 등록 및 결과 시스템(PRS) 기록에 입력된 "종료 날짜"에서 얻은 것입니다.
연구 유형
단계
- 3단계
참여기준
자격 기준
공부할 수 있는 나이
건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다
연구 대상 성별
설명
공부 계획
연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?
디자인 세부사항
- 주 목적: 치료
- 할당: 무작위
공동 작업자 및 조사자
수사관
- Joseph Babb, Bridgeport Hospital
- Jeffery Borer, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
- Bernard Chaitman, St. Louis University Medical Center
- James Chesebro, Mayo Foundation
- Richard Davison, Northwestern University
- Harold Dodge, University of Washington
- Frederick Feit, NYU Langone Health
- Charles Francis, Yale University
- Joel Gore, University of Massachusetts, Worcester
- Michael Herman, New York Medical College
- Morrison Hodges, University of Minnesota
- Harvey Kemp, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Institute for Health Sciences
- Genell Knatterud, Maryland Medical Research Institute
- Costas Lambrew, MaineHealth
- Philip Ludbrook, Washington University School of Medicine
- Kenneth Mann, University of Vermont
- John Markis, Beth Israel Hospital
- John Morrison, North Shore University Hospital
- Hiltrud Mueller, Montefiore Medical Center
- Eric Powers, Columbia University
- Robert Roberts, Baylor College of Medicine
- Williams Rogers, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Allan Ross, George Washington University
- Thomas Ryan, University Hospital Inc.
- Marc Schweiger, Baystate Medical Center
- Gerald Timmis, William Beaumont Hospitals
- James Willerson, University of Texas
- David Williams, Rhode Island Hospital
- Barry Zaret, Yale University
간행물 및 유용한 링크
일반 간행물
- Chesebro JH, Knatterud G, Roberts R, Borer J, Cohen LS, Dalen J, Dodge HT, Francis CK, Hillis D, Ludbrook P, et al. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial, Phase I: A comparison between intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and intravenous streptokinase. Clinical findings through hospital discharge. Circulation. 1987 Jul;76(1):142-54. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.76.1.142.
- TIMI Study Group. Comparison of invasive and conservative strategies after treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II trial. N Engl J Med. 1989 Mar 9;320(10):618-27. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198903093201002.
- Rogers WJ, Baim DS, Gore JM, Brown BG, Roberts R, Williams DO, Chesebro JH, Babb JD, Sheehan FH, Wackers FJ, et al. Comparison of immediate invasive, delayed invasive, and conservative strategies after tissue-type plasminogen activator. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Phase II-A trial. Circulation. 1990 May;81(5):1457-76. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.81.5.1457.
- Rao AK, Pratt C, Berke A, Jaffe A, Ockene I, Schreiber TL, Bell WR, Knatterud G, Robertson TL, Terrin ML. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial--phase I: hemorrhagic manifestations and changes in plasma fibrinogen and the fibrinolytic system in patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988 Jan;11(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90158-1.
- TIMI Study Group. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial. Phase I findings. N Engl J Med. 1985 Apr 4;312(14):932-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198504043121437. No abstract available.
- Zaret BL, Wackers FJ, Terrin ML, Forman SA, Williams DO, Knatterud GL, Braunwald E. Value of radionuclide rest and exercise left ventricular ejection fraction in assessing survival of patients after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) phase II study. The TIMI Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 Jul;26(1):73-9. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00146-q.
- Hillis LD, Borer J, Braunwald E, Chesebro JH, Cohen LS, Dalen J, Dodge HT, Francis CK, Knatterud G, Ludbrook P, et al. High dose intravenous streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction: preliminary results of a multicenter trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985 Nov;6(5):957-62. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(85)80294-1.
- Williams DO, Borer J, Braunwald E, Chesebro JH, Cohen LS, Dalen J, Dodge HT, Francis CK, Knatterud G, Ludbrook P, et al. Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a report from the NHLBI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial. Circulation. 1986 Feb;73(2):338-46. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.73.2.338.
- Braunwald E, Knatterud GL, Passamani ER, Robertson TL. Announcement of protocol change in thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987 Feb;9(2):467. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(87)80407-2. No abstract available.
- Sheehan FH, Braunwald E, Canner P, Dodge HT, Gore J, Van Natta P, Passamani ER, Williams DO, Zaret B. The effect of intravenous thrombolytic therapy on left ventricular function: a report on tissue-type plasminogen activator and streptokinase from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI Phase I) trial. Circulation. 1987 Apr;75(4):817-29. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.75.4.817.
- Mueller HS, Rao AK, Forman SA. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI): comparative studies of coronary reperfusion and systemic fibrinogenolysis with two forms of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987 Sep;10(3):479-90. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(87)80188-2.
- Knatterud GL, Forman SA. Patient recruitment experience in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Trial. Control Clin Trials. 1987 Dec;8(4 Suppl):86S-93S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(87)90011-0.
- Bovill E: Dose Response Relationship of rt-PA Infusion to Induction of Systemic Fibrin(ogen)olysis in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial. Blood, 70(Suppl 1) 367a, 1987.
- Williams DO, Ruocco NA, Forman S. Coronary angioplasty after recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: a report from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987 Nov;10(5 Suppl B):45B-50B. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(87)80428-x.
- Passamani E, Hodges M, Herman M, Grose R, Chaitman B, Rogers W, Forman S, Terrin M, Knatterud G, Robertson T, et al. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) phase II pilot study: tissue plasminogen activator followed by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987 Nov;10(5 Suppl B):51B-64B. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(87)80429-1.
- Immediate vs delayed catheterization and angioplasty following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. TIMI II A results. The TIMI Research Group. JAMA. 1988 Nov 18;260(19):2849-58. doi: 10.1001/jama.1988.03410190097031.
- Dalen JE, Gore JM, Braunwald E, Borer J, Goldberg RJ, Passamani ER, Forman S, Knatterud G. Six- and twelve-month follow-up of the phase I Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial. Am J Cardiol. 1988 Aug 1;62(4):179-85. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(88)90208-1. Erratum In: Am J Cardiol 1988 Nov 15;62(16):1151.
- Rogers WJ, Bourge RC, Papapietro SE, Wackers FJ, Zaret BL, Forman S, Dodge HT, Robertson TL, Passamani ER, Braunwald E, et al. Variables predictive of good functional outcome following thrombolytic therapy in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction phase II (TIMI II) pilot study. Am J Cardiol. 1989 Mar 1;63(9):503-12. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90889-8.
- Wackers FJ, Terrin ML, Kayden DS, Knatterud G, Forman S, Braunwald E, Zaret BL. Quantitative radionuclide assessment of regional ventricular function after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results of phase I Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989 Apr;13(5):998-1005. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90250-7.
- Knatterud GL. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) randomized studies versus TIMI open label studies. Control Clin Trials. 1989 Dec;10(4 Suppl):245S-256S. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(89)90063-9.
- Chaitman BR, Thompson B, Wittry MD, Stump D, Hamilton WP, Hillis LD, Dwyer JG, Solomon RE, Knatterud GL. The use of tissue-type plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction in the elderly: results from thrombolysis in myocardial infarction Phase I, open label studies and the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Phase II pilot study. The TIMI Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989 Nov 1;14(5):1159-65. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90410-5.
- Chaitman BR, Thompson BW, Kern MJ, Vandormael MG, Cohen MB, Ruocco NA, Solomon RE, Braunwald E. Tissue plasminogen activator followed by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: one-year TIMI phase II pilot results. TIMI Investigators. Am Heart J. 1990 Feb;119(2 Pt 1):213-23. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8703(05)80007-9. Erratum In: Am Heart J 1990 Dec;120(6 Pt 1):1486.
- Baim DS, Braunwald E, Feit F, Knatterud GL, Passamani ER, Robertson TL, Rogers WJ, Solomon RE, Williams DO. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial phase II: additional information and perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990 Apr;15(5):1188-92. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(90)90263-o.
- Gertz SD, Kalan JM, Kragel AH, Roberts WC, Braunwald E. Cardiac morphologic findings in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Am J Cardiol. 1990 Apr 15;65(15):953-61. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(90)90996-e.
- Hillis LD, Forman S, Braunwald E. Risk stratification before thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Phase II Co-Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990 Aug;16(2):313-5. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(90)90579-e.
- Gertz SD, Kragel AH, Kalan JM, Braunwald E, Roberts WC. Comparison of coronary and myocardial morphologic findings in patients with and without thrombolytic therapy during fatal first acute myocardial infarction. The TIMI Investigators. Am J Cardiol. 1990 Oct 15;66(12):904-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(90)90923-o.
- Rogers WJ, Babb JD, Baim DS, Chesebro JH, Gore JM, Roberts R, Williams DO, Frederick M, Passamani ER, Braunwald E. Selective versus routine predischarge coronary arteriography after therapy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, heparin and aspirin for acute myocardial infarction. TIMI II Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991 Apr;17(5):1007-16. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(91)90823-r.
- Habib GB, Heibig J, Forman SA, Brown BG, Roberts R, Terrin ML, Bolli R. Influence of coronary collateral vessels on myocardial infarct size in humans. Results of phase I thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) trial. The TIMI Investigators. Circulation. 1991 Mar;83(3):739-46. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.83.3.739.
- Roberts R, Rogers WJ, Mueller HS, Lambrew CT, Diver DJ, Smith HC, Willerson JT, Knatterud GL, Forman S, Passamani E, et al. Immediate versus deferred beta-blockade following thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) II-B Study. Circulation. 1991 Feb;83(2):422-37. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.83.2.422.
- Bovill EG, Terrin ML, Stump DC, Berke AD, Frederick M, Collen D, Feit F, Gore JM, Hillis LD, Lambrew CT, et al. Hemorrhagic events during therapy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, heparin, and aspirin for acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), Phase II Trial. Ann Intern Med. 1991 Aug 15;115(4):256-65. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-115-4-256.
- Gore JM, Sloan M, Price TR, Randall AM, Bovill E, Collen D, Forman S, Knatterud GL, Sopko G, Terrin ML. Intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and subdural hematoma after acute myocardial infarction and thrombolytic therapy in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Study. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction, Phase II, pilot and clinical trial. Circulation. 1991 Feb;83(2):448-59. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.83.2.448.
- Baim DS, Diver DJ, Feit F, Greenberg MA, Holmes DR, Weiner BH, Williams DO, Schweiger MJ, Brown BG, Frederick MM, et al. Coronary angioplasty performed within the thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction II study. Circulation. 1992 Jan;85(1):93-105. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.85.1.93.
- Tofler GH, Muller JE, Stone PH, Forman S, Solomon RE, Knatterud GL, Braunwald E. Modifiers of timing and possible triggers of acute myocardial infarction in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Phase II (TIMI II) Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992 Nov 1;20(5):1049-55. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(92)90356-r.
- Feit F, Mueller HS, Braunwald E, Ross R, Hodges M, Herman MV, Knatterud GL. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) phase II trial: outcome comparison of a "conservative strategy" in community versus tertiary hospitals. The TIMI Research Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990 Dec;16(7):1529-34. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(90)90295-z.
- Kleiman NS, Terrin M, Mueller H, Chaitman B, Roberts R, Knatterud GL, Solomon R, McMahon RP, Braunwald E. Mechanisms of early death despite thrombolytic therapy: experience from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Phase II (TIMI II) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992 May;19(6):1129-35. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(92)90313-c.
- Mueller HS, Cohen LS, Braunwald E, Forman S, Feit F, Ross A, Schweiger M, Cabin H, Davison R, Miller D, et al. Predictors of early morbidity and mortality after thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. Analyses of patient subgroups in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial, phase II. Circulation. 1992 Apr;85(4):1254-64. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.85.4.1254.
- Williams DO, Braunwald E, Knatterud G, Babb J, Bresnahan J, Greenberg MA, Raizner A, Wasserman A, Robertson T, Ross R. One-year results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction investigation (TIMI) Phase II Trial. Circulation. 1992 Feb;85(2):533-42. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.85.2.533.
- Zaret BL, Wackers FJ, Terrin ML, Ross R, Weiss M, Slater J, Morrison J, Bourge RC, Passamani E, Knatterud G, et al. Assessment of global and regional left ventricular performance at rest and during exercise after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) II Study. Am J Cardiol. 1992 Jan 1;69(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90667-n.
- Ruocco NA Jr, Bergelson BA, Jacobs AK, Frederick MM, Faxon DP, Ryan TJ. Invasive versus conservative strategy after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in patients with antecedent angina. A report from Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Phase II (TIMI II). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992 Dec;20(7):1445-51. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(92)90435-p.
- Berger PB, Ruocco NA Jr, Ryan TJ, Frederick MM, Jacobs AK, Faxon DP. Incidence and prognostic implications of heart block complicating inferior myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy: results from TIMI II. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992 Sep;20(3):533-40. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(92)90004-7.
- Borzak S, Gheorghiade M. Early intravenous beta-blocker combined with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI-2) Trial. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1993 Nov-Dec;36(3):261-6. doi: 10.1016/0033-0620(93)90018-9. No abstract available.
- Terrin ML, Williams DO, Kleiman NS, Willerson J, Mueller HS, Desvigne-Nickens P, Forman SA, Knatterud GL, Braunwald E. Two- and three-year results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Phase II clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Dec;22(7):1763-72. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90755-p.
- Chaitman BR, McMahon RP, Terrin M, Younis LT, Shaw LJ, Weiner DA, Frederick MM, Knatterud GL, Sopko G, Braunwald E. Impact of treatment strategy on predischarge exercise test in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) II Trial. Am J Cardiol. 1993 Jan 15;71(2):131-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90727-t.
- Taylor HA, Chaitman BR, Rogers WJ, Kern MJ, Terrin ML, Aguirre FV, Sopko G, McMahon R, Ross RN, Bovill EC. Race and prognosis after myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II trial. Circulation. 1993 Oct;88(4 Pt 1):1484-94. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.88.4.1484.
- Berger PB, Ruocco NA, Ryan TJ, Frederick MM, Podrid PJ. Incidence and significance of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in the absence of hypotension or heart failure in acute myocardial infarction treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator: results from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Phase II trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Dec;22(7):1773-9. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90756-q.
- Berger PB, Ruocco NA Jr, Ryan TJ, Jacobs AK, Zaret BL, Wackers FJ, Frederick MM, Faxon DP. Frequency and significance of right ventricular dysfunction during inferior wall left ventricular myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy (results from the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction [TIMI] II trial). The TIMI Research Group. Am J Cardiol. 1993 May 15;71(13):1148-52. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90637-r.
- Lehmann KG, Francis CK, Sheehan FH, Dodge HT. Effect of thrombolysis on acute mitral regurgitation during evolving myocardial infarction. Experience from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Sep;22(3):714-9. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90181-y.
- Schweiger MJ, McMahon RP, Terrin ML, Ruocco NA, Porway MN, Wiseman AH, Knatterud GL, Braunwald E. Comparison of patients with < 60% to > or = 60% diameter narrowing of the myocardial infarct-related artery after thrombolysis. The TIMI Investigators. Am J Cardiol. 1994 Jul 15;74(2):105-10. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90081-7.
- Becker RC, Terrin M, Ross R, Knatterud GL, Desvigne-Nickens P, Gore JM, Braunwald E. Comparison of clinical outcomes for women and men after acute myocardial infarction. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Investigators. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Apr 15;120(8):638-45. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00003.
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