Waarom wachten? Het initiëren van contingentiebeheer bij traumatisch gewonde patiënten tijdens ziekenhuisopname

Intervention is total of 12 weeks. During the hospitalization, participants will be visited by study personnel and will be asked to complete a urine drug screen that will screen for presence of methamphetamine on Mondays/Thursdays or Tuesdays/Fridays (M/Th or T/F). Once discharged, participants will be asked to come into the out patient clinic 2 times per week (M/Th or T/F) to complete a urine drug screen that will screen for presence of methamphetamine. If the specimen is negative for methamphetamine, the participants will be rewarded. Participants will also be asked to complete the Treatment Effectiveness Assessment (TEA) with study personnel.

If the urine sample is methamphetamine negative, participant will be positively reinforced and offered incentives. Participants immediately draw the reinforcement slip of paper to receive a prize from a selection kept on-site. Approximately 50% of the slips offer written praises (i.e. "great job!"). The other 50% of slips are the divided between low value (i.e. food gift cards, bus passes), medium value (i.e. prepaid cellphone, clothing gift cards), and a few large value rewards (i.e. electronic tablet, jewelry). Should the sample be positive for methamphetamine, no reinforcement and/or incentive to be provided. Participant will be encouraged to continue to participate in CM program and follow-up on the next CM date.

TEA (Treatment Effectiveness Assessment) at 6- and 12-weeks post-enrollment to assess both patient-reported medium-term program effectiveness. TEA asks individuals to respond to changes in four domains following a drug treatment program: Substance use, health, lifestyle, and community. The score for each domain can range from 1 (no change or not much) to 10 (much better), for total score of 4-40. This score allows for the prioritization of each participants values, and therefore does not require strict abstinence to demonstrate benefit from drug treatment.

Interviews will be conducted as semi-structured qualitative interviews with participants post-program and will be transcribed and analyzed using a Template Analysis approach. Coders will conduct coding of the interview data to ultimately identify themes that will be used as the basis for interpretation. The final analysis of the qualitative data will include contrasts and comparisons made across interviews to examine overlaps and divergences across any relevant sub-samples (i.e. sex, age). Results will present thematic patterns, how frequently each code occurs, and any contradictory evidence. This will allow for the identification of common themes and perspectives, which will provide necessary cultural insights and possible adaptations for further implementation efforts.

To assess the rate of AMA and treatment completion in acute hospital setting in participants

To assess the optimal timing of CM initiation for trauma injury hospitalized patients by comparing patient outcomes to the Schumann's pilot project 2024 (7/2024-6/2025) (NCT06532370 - Implementing a Contingency Management Program Addressing Methamphetamine Use For and With the People of Hawaii). We will compare the duration of CM participation and the rates of CM program completion and providing negative urine samples.