Reduced-Dose Thrombolysis in Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism With High-Risk Features (REDUCTION)
Reduced-Dose Thrombolysis in Intermediate-High Risk Pulmonary Embolism, a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial
Alteplase, a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), is commonly used for thrombolytic treatment in patients with high-risk acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), whereas the role of thrombolysis in intermediate-risk PTE remains controversial. This multicenter, randomized controlled trial will compare the efficacy and safety of reduced-dose alteplase (25 mg administered intravenously over 2 hours) plus standard anticoagulation with standard anticoagulation alone in patients with intermediate-risk PTE who have high-risk features.
Studieoversikt
Status
Status
Forhold
Forhold
Intervensjon / Behandling
Intervensjon / Behandling
Detaljert beskrivelse
In patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE), full-dose systemic thrombolysis has been associated with a reduction in the risk of hemodynamic decompensation but an increased risk of major and intracranial bleeding. Previous studies suggest that reduced-dose thrombolysis may improve right ventricular (RV) function while potentially reducing bleeding complications. However, evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of reduced-dose systemic thrombolysis in patients with intermediate risk PE and additional high-risk clinical features remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of reduced-dose thrombolytic therapy in this patient population.
The REDUCTION study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial with blinded endpoint assessment and long-term follow-up.
Eligible patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive reduced-dose alteplase combined with standard anticoagulation or standard anticoagulation alone. Randomization will be centrally managed and stratified by participating center.
Patients will receive:
- Reduced-dose alteplase group: Alteplase 25 mg administered by intravenous infusion over 2 hours, followed by standard anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) for at least 5 days.
- Standard anticoagulation group: Standard anticoagulation with LMWH or UFH for at least 5 days without thrombolytic therapy.
The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of reduced-dose alteplase in improving RV function at 48 hours, as measured by the change in the ratio of right ventricular to left ventricular end-diastolic diameters (RVED/LVED) on echocardiography.
The secondary objectives are to evaluate early changes in right ventricular function, clinical deterioration, PE-related mortality, recurrent PE, and bleeding complications. Long-term assessments will evaluate persistent dyspnea, functional status, persistent right ventricular dysfunction, and the occurrence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
Studietype
Studietype
Registrering (Antatt)
Registrering
Fase
Fase
- Fase 3
Kontakter og plasseringer
Studiekontakt
Studiekontakt
- Navn: Changming Xiong, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: (+86)010-88396798
- E-post: xiongcmfw@163.com
Studiesteder
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Beijing, Kina, 100037
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Changming Xiong, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 010-88396798
- E-post: xiongcmfw@163.com
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Beijing Municipality
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Beijing, Beijing Municipality, Kina, 100029
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Zhenguo Zhai
- Telefonnummer: 010-84205566
- E-post: zhaizhenguo2011@126.com
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Beijing, Beijing Municipality, Kina, 100730
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Juhong Shi, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 010-69156114
- E-post: shijh@pumch.cn
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Beijing, Beijing Municipality, Kina, 100029
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Ta kontakt med:
- Jun Wan, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 010-64412431
- E-post: blueswan2013@yahoo.com
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Beijing, Beijing Municipality, Kina, 100020
- Beijing ChaoYang Hospital.Capital Medical University
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Ta kontakt med:
- Yuanhua Yang, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 010-85231777
- E-post: yyh1031@sina.com
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Guangdong
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Guangzhou, Guangdong, Kina, 510120
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine
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Ta kontakt med:
- Yinji Xu, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 020-81887233
- E-post: xuyinji@163.com
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Guangzhou, Guangdong, Kina, 510120
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health (National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease)
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Ta kontakt med:
- Nuofu Zhang, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 020-83062114
- E-post: nfzhanggird@163.com
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Shenzhen, Guangdong, Kina, 518116
- Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen
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Ta kontakt med:
- Siliang Xu, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0755-84806933
- E-post: 420814562@qq.com
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Hebei
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Zhangjiakou, Hebei, Kina, 075000
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University
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Ta kontakt med:
- Baoli Xiang, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0313-8043555
- E-post: 15530396731@163.com
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Henan
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Xinxiang, Henan, Kina, 453400
- HeNan Honliv Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Lei Yang, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0373-8882288
- E-post: 61194255@qq.com
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Zhengzhou, Henan, Kina, 450052
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
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Ta kontakt med:
- Zhe Cheng, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0371-66913114
- E-post: chengzhehi@126.com
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Zhengzhou, Henan, Kina, 450003
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Yong Qi, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0371-65580014
- E-post: srmyy123@163.com
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Hubei
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Wuhan, Hubei, Kina, 430015
- Wuhan Sixth Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University)
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Ta kontakt med:
- Fajiu Li, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 027-82426502
- E-post: 80670519@qq.com
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Inner Mongolia
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Baotou, Inner Mongolia, Kina, 014010
- Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Hongjun Tian, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0472-5992811
- E-post: 1139717960@qq.com
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Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, Kina, 028000
- NMG Keerqin District Hosp.
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Ta kontakt med:
- Xili Wang, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0475-8232510
- E-post: 861004223@qq.com
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Jiangsu
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Changzhou, Jiangsu, Kina, 213003
- The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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Ta kontakt med:
- Qian Zhang, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0519-81099988
- E-post: kezhang0601@163.com
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Nanjing, Jiangsu, Kina, 210006
- Nanjing First Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- He Xu, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 025-52271000
- E-post: hexunj@163.com
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Liaoning
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Shenyang, Liaoning, Kina, 110024
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College
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Ta kontakt med:
- Shuyue Xia, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 024-85715200
- E-post: syx262@126.com
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Shenyang, Liaoning, Kina, 110003
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command
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Ta kontakt med:
- Liang Shi, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 024-28886666
- E-post: 13309889463@163.com
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Ningxia
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Yinchuan, Ningxia, Kina, 750004
- Ningxia Medical University General Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Juan Chen, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0951-6744457
- E-post: chenjuan7419@163.com
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Shandong
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Jinan, Shandong, Kina, 250021
- Shandong Provincial Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Ling Zhu, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0531-87938911
- E-post: zhuling7103@163.com
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Linyi, Shandong, Kina, 276000
- Linyi People's Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Le Kang, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 0539-8616398
- E-post: 593119267@qq.com
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Shanghai Municipality
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Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, Kina, 200120
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University
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Ta kontakt med:
- Yingqun Ji, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 021-38804518
- E-post: jiyingqun@163.com
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Sichuan
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Chengdu, Sichuan, Kina, 610041
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University
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Ta kontakt med:
- Maojun Wang, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 028-85422114
- E-post: wmmyun@hotmail.com
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Tianjin Municipality
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Tianjin, Tianjin Municipality, Kina, 300052
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Lixia Dong, Prof.
- Telefonnummer: 022-96580
- E-post: 18355193818@163.COM
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Tianjin, Tianjin Municipality, Kina, 300222
- Tianjin Chest Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Songtao Gu
- Telefonnummer: 022-88185111
- E-post: gusongtaodoctor@126.com
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Deltakelseskriterier
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Alder som er kvalifisert for studier
Tar imot friske frivillige
Kjønn som er kvalifisert for studier
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
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Age 18 to 75 years
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Objectively confirmed acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with symptom onset within 14 days, based on at least one of the following:
- Ventilation/perfusion lung scan showing at least one segmental or larger mismatched perfusion defect;
- Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) or pulmonary angiography showing a filling defect or abrupt obstruction in a segmental or more proximal pulmonary artery.
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Intermediate-high-risk PTE, with both of the following:
- Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) on echocardiography or CTPA. Echocardiographic RVD is defined by at least one of the following:(1) right ventricular dilation with RV/LV end-diastolic diameter ratio >1.0; (2) reduced right ventricular free-wall motion; (3) increased tricuspid regurgitation velocity;(4) tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion <16 mm; (5) tricuspid annular systolic velocity (S') <9.5 cm/s. CTPA evidence of RVD is defined as right ventricular dilation with RV/LV end-diastolic diameter ratio >1.0.
- Cardiac injury or heart failure biomarker above the local upper limit of normal, including cardiac troponin, BNP, or NT-proBNP.
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Elevated risk of early death/hemodynamic collapse, indicated by at least one of the following high-risk features: Systolic blood pressure ≤110 mmHg, Heart rate ≥100 beats/min, Oxygen saturation (SpO₂) <90% (respiratory rate >20 breaths/min or arterial partial pressure of oxygen [PaO₂] <60 mmHg).
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Signed informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
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High-risk PTE with hemodynamic instability, including cardiac arrest, obstructive shock, or persistent hypotension defined as systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or a decrease of ≥40 mmHg from baseline lasting at least 15 minutes, after excluding hypotension caused by new-onset arrhythmia, hypovolemia, or sepsis.
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Intermediate-low-risk PTE, defined as hemodynamically stable PE with only one of the following findings: right ventricular dysfunction on imaging or elevated cardiac biomarkers.
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Low-risk PTE, defined as hemodynamically stable PTE without right ventricular dysfunction and without elevated cardiac injury or heart failure biomarkers.
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Any contraindication to systemic thrombolysis, including:
- Known hypersensitivity to alteplase, gentamicin, heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, or any component of the study treatment;
- Active bleeding or high risk of bleeding;
- Known or suspected intracranial hemorrhage;
- Suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage;
- Significant bleeding disorder within the previous 6 months;
- Known bleeding diathesis;
- Acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack within the previous 6 months;
- Ophthalmic surgery within the previous 3 months, or abdominal, cardiac, thoracic, vascular, or orthopedic surgery or trauma within the previous 3 months;
- History of central nervous system disease or trauma, including tumor, aneurysm, head trauma, intracranial surgery, or spinal surgery;
- Platelet count <100 × 10^9/L;
- International normalized ratio (INR) >1.3;
- Current effective oral anticoagulant treatment;
- Traumatic cardiopulmonary resuscitation;
- Infective endocarditis or pericarditis;
- Acute pancreatitis;
- Noncompressible vascular puncture;
- Severe uncontrolled hypertension, with systolic blood pressure >180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg;
- Any other condition considered by the investigator to confer a high bleeding risk;
- Severe liver disease, including liver failure, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, esophageal varices, or active hepatitis;
- Gastrointestinal ulcer, esophageal varices, arterial aneurysm, or arteriovenous malformation within the previous 3 months;
- Tumor with bleeding tendency;
- Pregnancy or within 1 week postpartum;
- Diabetes with hemorrhagic retinopathy;
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Body weight ≤40 kg.
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Thrombolytic treatment within 30 days before randomization for the current episode of acute PE, including systemic or catheter-directed thrombolysis.
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Catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy or surgical pulmonary embolectomy before randomization for the current episode of acute PE.
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Use of any direct oral anticoagulant within 30 days before randomization.
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Current dual antiplatelet therapy.
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Current participation in another interventional clinical trial.
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Women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to use effective contraception or abstinence during the study.
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Any other disease or condition that, in the investigator's judgment, would increase treatment risk.
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Life expectancy <3 months or inability to complete 3-month follow-up.
Studieplan
Hvordan er studiet utformet?
Designdetaljer
- Primært formål: Behandling
- Tildeling: Randomisert
- Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
- Masking: Enkelt
Antall våpen
Våpen og intervensjoner
Deltakergruppe / ArmDeltakergruppe / Arm |
Intervensjon / BehandlingIntervensjon / Behandling |
|---|---|
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Aktiv komparator: Reduced-Dose Alteplase and Standard Anticoagulation
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) and reduced-dose alteplase [25 mg continuous intravenous infusion for 2 hours] |
Alteplase 25 mg will be administered by continuous intravenous infusion over 2 hours Standard anticoagulation will consist of LMWH or UFH administered according to current guideline recommendations for at least 5 days |
|
Aktiv komparator: Standard Anticoagulation
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) |
Standard anticoagulation will consist of LMWH or UFH administered according to current guideline recommendations for at least 5 days |
Hva måler studien?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|
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Change in the ratio of right ventricular end-diastolic diameter to left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVED/LVED) as measured by echocardiography
Tidsramme: Between baseline and 48 hours
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Between baseline and 48 hours
|
Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in the ratio of right ventricular end-diastolic diameter to left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVED/LVED) as measured by echocardiography
Tidsramme: Between baseline and 7 days
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Between baseline and 7 days
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Clinical Deterioration
Tidsramme: 7 days
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7 days
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PE-Related Death
Tidsramme: 7 days
|
Death caused by pulmonary embolism (PE) |
7 days
|
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All cause Death
Tidsramme: 7 days
|
7 days
|
|
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Recurrent PE
Tidsramme: 7 days
|
7 days
|
|
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Persistent Dyspnea
Tidsramme: 6 months
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Persistent Dyspnea Assessed by the Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnea Scale |
6 months
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Functional outcome
Tidsramme: 6 months
|
Functional status will be assessed using the Post-Venous Thromboembolism Functional Status (PVFS) Scale, which measures limitations in usual activities and daily functioning after venous thromboembolism. The scale ranges from grade 0 (no functional limitations) to grade 4 (severe functional limitations requiring assistance with activities of daily living). Higher grades indicate greater functional impairment. Grade D indicates death before the scheduled assessment. |
6 months
|
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Persistent Right Ventricular Dysfunction
Tidsramme: 6 months
|
Persistent right ventricular dysfunction is defined as an intermediate or high probability of pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria. |
6 months
|
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Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) and/or Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
Tidsramme: 12 months
|
12 months
|
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Major bleeding
Tidsramme: 30 days
|
Major bleeding will be defined according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) criteria as fatal bleeding, symptomatic bleeding in a critical area or organ, a decrease in hemoglobin of ≥2 g/dL, or transfusion of ≥2 units of whole blood or red blood cells. The number of participants experiencing major bleeding will be recorded |
30 days
|
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Clinically relevant non-major bleeding
Tidsramme: 30 days
|
Clinically relevant non-major bleeding will be defined according to ISTH criteria as bleeding that does not meet the criteria for major bleeding but requires medical intervention, leads to hospitalization or an increased level of care, or prompts a face-to-face evaluation by a healthcare professional. The number of participants experiencing clinically relevant non-major bleeding will be recorded. |
30 days
|
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Minor bleeding
Tidsramme: 30 days
|
Minor bleeding will be defined as any overt bleeding event that does not meet the criteria for major bleeding or clinically relevant non-major bleeding and does not require medical attention. The number of participants experiencing minor bleeding will be recorded. |
30 days
|
Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Etterforskere
Etterforskere
- Hovedetterforsker: Changming Xiong, Prof., Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital
- Hovedetterforsker: Zhenguo Zhai, Prof., China-Japan Friendship Hospital
Publikasjoner og nyttige lenker
Generelle publikasjoner
- Sharifi M, Bay C, Skrocki L, Rahimi F, Mehdipour M; "MOPETT" Investigators. Moderate pulmonary embolism treated with thrombolysis (from the "MOPETT" Trial). Am J Cardiol. 2013 Jan 15;111(2):273-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.09.027. Epub 2012 Oct 24.
- Meyer G, Vicaut E, Danays T, Agnelli G, Becattini C, Beyer-Westendorf J, Bluhmki E, Bouvaist H, Brenner B, Couturaud F, Dellas C, Empen K, Franca A, Galie N, Geibel A, Goldhaber SZ, Jimenez D, Kozak M, Kupatt C, Kucher N, Lang IM, Lankeit M, Meneveau N, Pacouret G, Palazzini M, Petris A, Pruszczyk P, Rugolotto M, Salvi A, Schellong S, Sebbane M, Sobkowicz B, Stefanovic BS, Thiele H, Torbicki A, Verschuren F, Konstantinides SV; PEITHO Investigators. Fibrinolysis for patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2014 Apr 10;370(15):1402-11. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1302097.
- Wang C, Zhai Z, Yang Y, Wu Q, Cheng Z, Liang L, Dai H, Huang K, Lu W, Zhang Z, Cheng X, Shen YH; China Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Study Group. Efficacy and safety of low dose recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for the treatment of acute pulmonary thromboembolism: a randomized, multicenter, controlled trial. Chest. 2010 Feb;137(2):254-62. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0765. Epub 2009 Sep 9.
- Sanchez O, Charles-Nelson A, Ageno W, Barco S, Binder H, Chatellier G, Duerschmied D, Empen K, Ferreira M, Girard P, Huisman MV, Jimenez D, Katsahian S, Kozak M, Lankeit M, Meneveau N, Pruszczyk P, Petris A, Righini M, Rosenkranz S, Schellong S, Stefanovic B, Verhamme P, de Wit K, Vicaut E, Zirlik A, Konstantinides SV, Meyer G; PEITHO-3 Investigators. Reduced-Dose Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Intermediate-High-risk Pulmonary Embolism: Rationale and Design of the Pulmonary Embolism International THrOmbolysis (PEITHO)-3 trial. Thromb Haemost. 2022 May;122(5):857-866. doi: 10.1055/a-1653-4699. Epub 2021 Oct 31.
- Liu L, Li C, Shi L, Ma D, Zhang Z, Bao H, Li C, Li L, Wang M, Ma Z, Zhang J. Efficacy and safety of low-dose thrombolysis in acute intermediate-high risk pulmonary thromboembolism complicated by PaO2/FiO2 < 300. Front Med (Lausanne). 2026 Jul 9;13:1849541. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1849541. eCollection 2026.
- Yilmaz ES, Uzun O. Low-dose thrombolysis for submassive pulmonary embolism. J Investig Med. 2021 Dec;69(8):1439-1446. doi: 10.1136/jim-2021-001816. Epub 2021 Jun 7.
- Zhang LY, Gao BA, Jin Z, Xiang GM, Gong Z, Zhang TT, Lu HF, Wang YQ, Gong Y, Lu C, Huang WL. Clinical efficacy of low dose recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for the treatment of acute intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. Saudi Med J. 2018 Nov;39(11):1090-1095. doi: 10.15537/smj.2018.11.22717.
Studierekorddatoer
Studer hoveddatoer
Studiestart (Antatt)
Studiestart
Primær fullføring (Antatt)
Primær fullføring
Studiet fullført (Antatt)
Studiet fullført
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først innsendt
Først innsendt
Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Først lagt ut (Faktiske)
Først lagt ut
Oppdateringer av studieposter
Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)
Sist oppdatering lagt ut
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Sist bekreftet
Sist bekreftet
Mer informasjon
Begreper knyttet til denne studien
Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
- Vaskulære sykdommer
- Kardiovaskulære sykdommer
- Sykdommer i luftveiene
- Lungesykdommer
- Embolisme og trombose
- Embolisme
- Lungeemboli
- Aminosyrer, peptider og proteiner
- Proteiner
- Biologiske faktorer
- Hydrolaser
- Enzymer
- Enzymer og koenzymer
- Blodproteiner
- Endopeptidaser
- Peptidhydrolaser
- Serine endopeptidaser
- Serinproteaser
- Plasminogenaktivatorer
- Blodkoagulasjonsfaktorer
- Vevsplasminogenaktivator
Andre studie-ID-numre
Andre studie-ID-numre
- 2026ZD0556203-02
- 2026ZD0556203 (Annet stipend/finansieringsnummer: Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project)
Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)
Planlegger du å dele individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)?
Legemiddel- og utstyrsinformasjon, studiedokumenter
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert medikamentprodukt
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert enhetsprodukt
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