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Effect of ChatGPT-Assisted Pre-Procedural Education on Bowel Preparation Quality and Anxiety in First-Time Colonoscopy Patients

31 de julho de 2026 atualizado por: Yunus Emre Börü, Gazi University

Effect of ChatGPT-Assisted Pre-Procedural Education on Bowel Preparation Quality and Anxiety in First-Time Colonoscopy Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background and rationale: Colonoscopy is central to colorectal cancer screening and prevention, but its diagnostic yield depends heavily on adequate bowel preparation; inadequate cleansing lowers adenoma detection and often necessitates repeat procedures. Pre-procedural anxiety is also common, particularly among patients undergoing colonoscopy for the first time. Conventional education is constrained by time and does not always address individual questions. Large language model-based tools such as ChatGPT can generate individualized, real-time responses and may serve as an adjunct to standard counseling.

Objective: To evaluate whether ChatGPT-assisted pre-procedural patient education, added to standard information, improves bowel preparation quality and reduces pre-procedural anxiety compared with standard information alone in patients undergoing their first colonoscopy.

Design and setting: Single-center, parallel-group, two-arm randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye. The study was approved by the Gazi University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (approval no. 2025-1016). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Participants: Adults (aged ≥18 years) presenting for their first colonoscopy were eligible. [Buraya kalan dışlama kriterlerini ekle - ör. önceki kolonoskopi öyküsü, tablet kullanamama, ciddi bilişsel/işitsel engel vb.] Randomization and allocation: Eligible participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the standard-information (control) arm or the ChatGPT-assisted (intervention) arm, with allocation concealment.

Interventions:

Control arm: standard pre-procedural verbal and written bowel-preparation instructions per routine clinical practice.

Intervention arm: the same standard instructions plus supervised access to a ChatGPT interface (GPT-4o model, ChatGPT Plus) on a clinic-provided tablet before the procedure. Participants could ask questions in their preferred language, up to a maximum of ten. Chatbot responses were reviewed by the study team for clinical appropriateness.

Outcome measures:

Primary: (1) bowel preparation quality assessed with the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS); (2) pre-procedural anxiety assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Secondary: procedural tolerance (5-point Likert scale); adenoma detection rate; and completion of colonoscopy without sedation.

Sample size: Based on an a priori power analysis assuming a moderate effect size (Cohen's d ≈ 0.50) for the primary outcomes, with two-sided alpha of 0.05 and 80% power.

Statistical analysis: Outcomes were analyzed following the intention-to-treat principle. Between-group comparisons used t-test or Mann-Whitney U for continuous variables and chi-square/Fisher exact tests for categorical variables; multivariable logistic regression was used for binary outcomes.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Concluído

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

Colorectal cancer screening by colonoscopy is effective only when bowel preparation is adequate; inadequate cleansing reduces adenoma detection and often necessitates repeat procedures. Pre-procedural anxiety is common, particularly before a first colonoscopy. Routine counseling is frequently constrained by time and cannot always address each patient's individual questions. Large language model-based conversational tools such as ChatGPT (GPT-4o) can generate individualized, real-time responses and may complement standard physician-provided counseling.

This trial was designed to test that hypothesis in routine clinical practice. In the intervention arm, ChatGPT access was provided under supervision on a clinic-provided tablet immediately before the procedure, so that participants without a personal device or subscription could use it on equal terms. Participants asked their questions in their preferred language to reflect real-world use. All chatbot responses were reviewed by the study team for clinical appropriateness, and the tool was positioned as an adjunct to, rather than a replacement for, standard pre-procedural education.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Real)

190

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Locais de estudo

    • Yenimahalle
      • Ankara, Yenimahalle, Turquia (Türkiye), 06560
        • Gazi University Faculty of Medicine

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Adulto
  • Adulto mais velho

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Sim

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 18 years or older
  • Undergoing first (index) colonoscopy
  • Sufficient cognitive capacity to complete study questionnaires
  • Able to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of prior colonoscopy
  • History of colorectal surgery
  • Known inflammatory bowel disease
  • Emergency colonoscopy
  • Severe comorbid conditions limiting cooperation
  • Unable to provide informed consent

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Pesquisa de serviços de saúde
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Solteiro

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Comparador Ativo: Standard Information (Control)
Participants received standard pre-procedural verbal and written bowel-preparation instructions according to routine clinical practice, without access to the ChatGPT-based educational to
Participants received standard pre-procedural verbal and written bowel-preparation instructions according to routine clinical practice, without access to the ChatGPT-based educational tool.
Experimental: ChatGPT-Assisted Education (Intervention)
Participants received the same standard pre-procedural instructions plus supervised access to a ChatGPT interface (GPT-4o) on a clinic-provided tablet before the procedure, where they could ask questions in their preferred language (up to ten). Chatbot responses were reviewed by the study team for clinical appropriateness.
Participants in the intervention arm received the standard pre-procedural bowel-preparation instructions plus supervised access to a ChatGPT-based educational tool (GPT-4o model, ChatGPT Plus) on a clinic-provided tablet before colonoscopy. Participants could ask questions about the procedure and bowel preparation in their preferred language, up to a maximum of ten questions. All chatbot responses were reviewed by the study team for clinical appropriateness. The tool was provided as an adjunct to, not a replacement for, standard physician-provided educatio

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Bowel preparation quality (Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, BBPS)
Prazo: During colonoscopy (day of procedure)
Bowel cleansing quality assessed during colonoscopy using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, scored by endoscopists blinded to group allocation. Total score ranges from 0 to 9, with higher scores indicating better preparation.
During colonoscopy (day of procedure)

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
State anxiety (STAI-1)
Prazo: On the day of colonoscopy, before the procedure
Situational anxiety assessed with the State subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) on the day of the procedure. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
On the day of colonoscopy, before the procedure
Procedural tolerance
Prazo: Immediately after colonoscopy (day of procedure)
Patient-reported tolerance of the colonoscopy procedure, rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very poor tolerance) to 5 (excellent tolerance). Higher scores indicate better tolerance.e.
Immediately after colonoscopy (day of procedure)
Adenoma detection rate (ADR)
Prazo: During colonoscopy (day of procedure)
Proportion of patients in whom at least one adenoma was detected among those who completed colonoscopy.
During colonoscopy (day of procedure)
Completion of colonoscopy without sedation
Prazo: During colonoscopy (day of procedure)
Proportion of patients who completed colonoscopy without the use of sedation.
During colonoscopy (day of procedure)

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Real)

1 de junho de 2025

Conclusão Primária (Real)

31 de dezembro de 2025

Conclusão do estudo (Real)

1 de março de 2026

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

22 de julho de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

27 de julho de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

29 de julho de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

3 de agosto de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

31 de julho de 2026

Última verificação

1 de julho de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • 2025-1016

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Descrição do plano IPD

Individual participant data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

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