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Effect of Early Versus Late Premolar Extraction on Orthodontic Tooth Movement

15 de agosto de 2026 atualizado por: Shanzay Khan, Shifa College of Dentistry

Effect of Early vs Late Premolar Extraction on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate whether the timing of premolar extraction affects the rate of orthodontic space closure during en-masse anterior retraction. The study will also assess gingival cleft formation, mesial movement of the upper first molars, ease and duration of premolar extraction, and patient-reported pain and anxiety.

The main question it aims to answer is:

Does early versus late premolar extraction affect the rate of orthodontic space closure?

Researchers will compare two groups of patients. In the early extraction group the maxillary first premolars will be extracted before or within one week of start of fixed orthodontic treatment. In the late extraction group, the premolars will be extracted after alignment and immediately before the start of space closure.

Participants will:

  • Receive fixed orthodontic treatment and bilateral extraction of the maxillary first premolars.
  • Be randomly assigned to either the early-extraction or late-extraction group.
  • Undergo orthodontic alignment followed by en-masse anterior retraction.
  • Have dental impressions/digital models obtained at the start of retraction and at 3 and 6 months to measure orthodontic tooth movement and space closure.
  • Be assessed for gingival clefts and mesial movement of the upper first molars.
  • Have the ease and duration of their premolar extraction recorded and report their pain and anxiety associated with the extraction procedure.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Recrutamento

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the effect of early versus late maxillary first premolar extraction on the rate of orthodontic space closure during en-masse anterior retraction. A total of 26 participants aged 13 to 25 years requiring bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to an early-extraction or late-extraction group.

In the early-extraction group, the maxillary first premolars will be extracted before or within one week of fixed appliance placement. Participants will subsequently undergo leveling and alignment, and en-masse anterior retraction will begin after stabilization on a 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire. In the late-extraction group, leveling and alignment will be completed first using the same archwire sequence. The maxillary first premolars will then be extracted immediately before initiation of en-masse anterior retraction. Thus, space closure will occur through relatively healed extraction sites in the early-extraction group and relatively fresh extraction sites in the late-extraction group.

Orthodontic space closure will be assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after initiation of retraction. Secondary assessments will include mesial movement of the maxillary first molars, incidence and severity of gingival clefts, ease and duration of premolar extraction, and patient-reported pain and anxiety. Digital models will be used to assess orthodontic tooth movement, while gingival clefts will be evaluated clinically.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

26

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

Locais de estudo

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Filho
  • Adulto

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Não

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age 13-25 years
  2. No prior orthodontic treatment
  3. Overjet 4-8 mm
  4. Symmetric dental arches with mild to moderate crowding requiring bilateral first premolar extractions.
  5. Probing depth less than 4 mm on all teeth

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. History of dental trauma
  2. Poor oral hygiene
  3. Syndromic patients
  4. Systemic diseases or medications affecting bone metabolism

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Tratamento
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Solteiro

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Comparador Ativo: Healed Socket Group (Control Group)
Maxillary first premolars will be extracted before or within one week of fixed orthodontic appliance placement. Participants will subsequetly undergo leveling and alignment followed by en-masse anterior retraction after stabilization on a 0.019 x 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire.
Bilateral extraction of the maxillary first premolars will be performed prior to or within one week of fixed orthodontic appliance placement, allowing the extraction sockets to heal during leveling and alignment before commencement of en-masse anterior retraction.
Experimental: Unhealed Socket Group (Intervention Group)
Maxillary first premolars will be extracted after the participant has completed leveling and alignment, and has been stabilizad on a 0.019 x 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire for one month. This will be followed immediately by en-masse anterior retraction.
Bilateral extraction of the maxillary first premolars will be performed after completion of leveling and alignment and one month of stabilization on a 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire, immediately before commencement of en-masse anterior retraction.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Rate of Orthodontic Space Closure Measured on Digital 3D Dental Models
Prazo: Baseline (T0), 3 months (T1), and 6 months (T2) after initiation of en-masse anterior retraction
Intraoral scans will be obtained to generate digital 3D dental models at baseline (T0), 3 months (T1), and 6 months (T2) after initiation of en-masse anterior retraction. The extraction space will be measured in millimeters as the linear distance between the highest convexity on the mesial surface of the maxillary second premolar and the distal surface of the maxillary canine. The rate of space closure will be calculated as the reduction in extraction-space width over the corresponding observation period and expressed in millimeters per month (mm/month).
Baseline (T0), 3 months (T1), and 6 months (T2) after initiation of en-masse anterior retraction

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Incidence and Severity of Gingival Clefts Assessed Clinically Using a Periodontal Probe
Prazo: Baseline (T0), 3 months (T1), and 6 months (T2) after initiation of en-masse anterior retraction
Gingival clefts will be assessed clinically using a periodontal probe.The presence, severity (depth and width in mm), and type (buccal, lingual, or through-and-through) of gingival clefts will be recorded. Cleft severity will be assessed by measuring depth and width in millimeters. Depth will be measured perpendicular to the occlusal plane, and the width will be measured parallel to the occlusal plane from the buccal and lingual aspect, with the greater of the two measurements recorded as the cleft width.
Baseline (T0), 3 months (T1), and 6 months (T2) after initiation of en-masse anterior retraction
Linear Mesial Movement of Maxillary First Molars Measured on Digital Models
Prazo: Baseline (T0), 3 months (T1), and 6 months (T2) after initiation of en-masse anterior retraction
Measurements will be performed on digital dental models obtained by intraoral scanning. Linear mesial movement of the maxillary first molars will be measured in millimeters. Perpendicular reference lines to the mid-palatal suture will be constructed through the mesial contact point of the maxillary first molar and the medial end of the third palatal rugae. The distance between these reference lines will be measured in millimeters. The change in this distance from baseline (T0) to 3 months (T1) and from baseline to 6 months (T2) will represent linear mesial movement.
Baseline (T0), 3 months (T1), and 6 months (T2) after initiation of en-masse anterior retraction
Ease of Maxillary First Premolar Extraction Assessed by Surgeon-Rated 4-Point Likert Scale and Extraction Duration
Prazo: Periprocedural
Surgeon-perceived ease of extraction will be assessed using a 4-point Likert scale: 1 = very easy, 2 = easy, 3 = difficult, and 4 = very difficult, with higher scores indicating greater extraction difficulty. Extraction duration will also be recorded from the time the forceps are clamped onto the tooth until the tooth is completely removed from the socket.
Periprocedural
Patient-Reported Pain and Dental Anxiety Associated With Premolar Extraction
Prazo: Dental anxiety immediately before extraction; pain immediately following extraction.
Pain will be assessed using a 0-10 Visual Analogue Scale, where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents the worst pain. Dental anxiety will be assessed using a 5-item questionnaire, with each item rated from 1 (not anxious) to 5 (extremely anxious), giving a total score of 5-25. Higher scores indicate greater pain or anxiety.
Dental anxiety immediately before extraction; pain immediately following extraction.

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Real)

22 de julho de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

1 de janeiro de 2028

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

1 de junho de 2028

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

12 de agosto de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

15 de agosto de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

19 de agosto de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

19 de agosto de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

15 de agosto de 2026

Última verificação

1 de julho de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • 141-26

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

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