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4-7-8 Breathing for Fatigue and Sleep Management in Hemodialysis

14 июля 2026 г. обновлено: Izmir Konak, Izmir Kavram Vocational School

The Effect of the 4-7-8 Breathing Exercise Program on the Management of Fatigue and Sleep Disorders in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

For many hemodialysis patients, fatigue and sleep disturbances are common and debilitating side effects that severely impact daily life and quality of life. In this study, patients will be taught a simple breathing exercise called the 4-7-8 technique to help manage these symptoms. A total of 80 adult patients undergoing regular hemodialysis at Izmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital will be randomly assigned to two groups: an intervention group and a control group. Participants in the intervention group will receive a face-to-face training session from a research nurse and a short instructional video sent to their smartphones to encourage daily home practice, especially before bedtime. The program will be continued over the study period. Participants in the control group will continue with their current routine hemodialysis care without any structured breathing exercises. Fatigue levels, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness will be measured in both groups before and after the program using validated questionnaires. The results of this study may provide nurses and patients with a safe, cost-effective, non-drug option to improve symptom management and overall well-being in hemodialysis patients.

Обзор исследования

Статус

Еще не набирают

Условия

Вмешательство/лечение

Подробное описание

This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. The estimated sample size was calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.7 software. The calculation was based on parameters from a preliminary study on the effects of breathing exercises in hemodialysis patients. For the independent two-group t-test, an analysis was conducted assuming 95% power (1-β), a significance level of α=0.05, and a large effect size (d=0.80). As a result, it was determined that 35 participants were needed in each group, for a total of 70 participants. Taking potential dropouts into account, the study will begin with a total of 80 participants, and analyses will be conducted using data from at least 70 participants who have completed the follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria: Age between 18 and 85 years; receiving hemodialysis treatment for at least 3 months; no diagnosis of malignant respiratory disease (e.g., bronchial or lung cancer); no pathological condition affecting consciousness or focus (e.g., dialysis dementia or uremic encephalopathy); native Turkish speaker.

Exclusion Criteria: Advanced reading comprehension problems; advanced hearing impairment; presence of sleep apnea; known psychiatric illness.

Intervention Group Protocol: Participants in the experimental group will be taught a standardized program consisting solely of the 4-7-8 breathing technique. The intervention will last four weeks. The technique will be demonstrated face-to-face by a research nurse, and patients will be provided with a short instructional video that explains the technique step by step. The video will be sent to patients' smartphones to encourage them to practice independently at home.

4-7-8 Breathing Technique Instructions:

Patients will be asked to sit or lie down in a comfortable position and follow the cycle below:

4 seconds: Take a slow, deep breath in through the nose.

7 seconds: Hold the breath.

8 seconds: Exhale slowly and completely through the mouth, with lips slightly pursed (making a slight hissing sound).

This cycle will be repeated 10 times consecutively per session, with a total duration of approximately 10-15 minutes. Participants will be asked to perform the technique twice daily (once during the day and once before bedtime). To monitor adherence, patients will be given a simple practice log, and weekly reminders will be provided via phone calls or messages. On hemodialysis session days, the exercise will be performed during the HD session under the supervision of the research nurse.

Control Group Protocol: Participants in the control group will continue with their current routine hemodialysis care and will not be included in any structured breathing exercise program.

Assessment: Fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Scale), sleep quality (Jenkins Sleep Scale), and daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) will be assessed at three time points: at baseline (pre-test), at the end of the second week, and at the end of the fourth week of the intervention.

Тип исследования

Интервенционный

Регистрация (Оцененный)

80

Фаза

  • Непригодный

Критерии участия

Исследователи ищут людей, которые соответствуют определенному описанию, называемому критериям приемлемости. Некоторыми примерами этих критериев являются общее состояние здоровья человека или предшествующее лечение.

Критерии приемлемости

Возраст, подходящий для обучения

  • Взрослый
  • Пожилой взрослый

Принимает здоровых добровольцев

Нет

Описание

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age between 18 and 85 years
  • Receiving hemodialysis treatment for at least 3 months
  • No diagnosis of malignant respiratory disease (e.g., bronchial or lung cancer)
  • No pathological condition affecting consciousness or focus (e.g., dialysis dementia or uremic encephalopathy)
  • Native Turkish speaker

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Advanced reading comprehension problems
  • Advanced hearing impairment
  • Presence of sleep apnea
  • Known psychiatric illness.

Учебный план

В этом разделе представлена ​​подробная информация о плане исследования, в том числе о том, как планируется исследование и что оно измеряет.

Как устроено исследование?

Детали дизайна

  • Основная цель: Поддерживающая терапия
  • Распределение: Рандомизированный
  • Интервенционная модель: Параллельное назначение
  • Маскировка: Одинокий

Оружие и интервенции

Группа участников / Армия
Вмешательство/лечение
Экспериментальный: Experimental

Arm Description:During daily practice sessions, patients will be instructed to sit or lie down in a comfortable position and begin the breathing exercise. The patient will perform the following cycle:

  • 4 seconds: Take a slow, deep breath through the nose.
  • 7 seconds: Hold the breath.
  • 8 seconds: Exhale slowly and completely through the mouth, with lips slightly pursed (making a slight hissing sound).

Number of Repetitions: This cycle will be repeated 10 times consecutively per session, with a total duration of approximately 10-15 minutes. Participants will be asked to perform this routine twice daily (once during the day and once before bedtime) throughout the four-week intervention period. On hemodialysis session days, the exercise will be performed under the supervision of the research nurse to ensure adherence.

A non-pharmacological behavioral intervention utilizing the 4-7-8 breathing technique. Prior to the first session, a research nurse provides brief face-to-face training and an instructional video sent to participants' smartphones for home practice. During daily practice sessions in a comfortable position, the cycle is performed: inhale for 4 seconds, hold for 7, exhale for 8 through pursed lips. This 10-cycle sequence lasts approximately 10-15 minutes per session. Applied twice daily (once during the day and once before bedtime) for four weeks, with fatigue, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness assessed via validated questionnaires (Chalder Fatigue Scale, Jenkins Sleep Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale) at baseline, week 2, and week 4. The intervention aims to reduce fatigue and sleep disturbances by activating the parasympathetic system, promoting relaxation, decreasing anxiety, and modulating autonomic balance.
Без вмешательства: Control
Control Arm Description: Participants in the control group, on the other hand, will

Что измеряет исследование?

Первичные показатели результатов

Мера результата
Мера Описание
Временное ограничение
Fatigue Level
Временное ограничение: Baseline, Week 2, Week 4
Fatigue severity experienced by the patient over the past month. This primary outcome is measured at baseline (pre-test), at the end of the second week, and at the end of the fourth week of the intervention. Fatigue is measured using the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), an 11-item self-report scale. The first 7 items assess physical fatigue and the last 4 items assess cognitive fatigue. Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert scale (0-3), with total scores ranging from 0 to 33. Higher scores indicate greater fatigue severity. The patient completes the scale independently, and the total score is recorded.
Baseline, Week 2, Week 4

Вторичные показатели результатов

Мера результата
Мера Описание
Временное ограничение
Sleep Quality
Временное ограничение: Baseline, Week 2, Week 4
Sleep quality experienced by the patient over the past week. This secondary outcome is measured at baseline (pre-test), at the end of the second week, and at the end of the fourth week of the intervention. Sleep quality is measured using the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), a 4-item self-report scale. Each item assesses the frequency of specific sleep problems on a 0-5 scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 20. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality. The patient completes the scale independently, and the total score is recorded.
Baseline, Week 2, Week 4

Соавторы и исследователи

Здесь вы найдете людей и организации, участвующие в этом исследовании.

Спонсор

Даты записи исследования

Эти даты отслеживают ход отправки отчетов об исследованиях и сводных результатов на сайт ClinicalTrials.gov. Записи исследований и сообщаемые результаты проверяются Национальной медицинской библиотекой (NLM), чтобы убедиться, что они соответствуют определенным стандартам контроля качества, прежде чем публиковать их на общедоступном веб-сайте.

Изучение основных дат

Начало исследования (Оцененный)

1 августа 2026 г.

Первичное завершение (Оцененный)

30 сентября 2026 г.

Завершение исследования (Оцененный)

30 января 2027 г.

Даты регистрации исследования

Первый отправленный

8 июля 2026 г.

Впервые представлено, что соответствует критериям контроля качества

8 июля 2026 г.

Первый опубликованный (Действительный)

14 июля 2026 г.

Обновления учебных записей

Последнее опубликованное обновление (Действительный)

15 июля 2026 г.

Последнее отправленное обновление, отвечающее критериям контроля качества

14 июля 2026 г.

Последняя проверка

1 июля 2026 г.

Дополнительная информация

Термины, связанные с этим исследованием

Другие идентификационные номера исследования

  • 21.01.2026/2761

Информация о лекарствах и устройствах, исследовательские документы

Изучает лекарственный продукт, регулируемый FDA США.

Нет

Изучает продукт устройства, регулируемый Управлением по санитарному надзору за качеством пищевых продуктов и медикаментов США.

Нет

Эта информация была получена непосредственно с веб-сайта clinicaltrials.gov без каких-либо изменений. Если у вас есть запросы на изменение, удаление или обновление сведений об исследовании, обращайтесь по адресу register@clinicaltrials.gov. Как только изменение будет реализовано на clinicaltrials.gov, оно будет автоматически обновлено и на нашем веб-сайте. .