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Effects of Exercise Combined With Cognitive Training on Motor Performance in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

6 september 2026 uppdaterad av: DU Wenqian, Shanghai University of Sport

Effects of Exercise Combined With Cognitive Training on Balance, Motor Skills and Physical Fitness Among Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Developmental Coordination Disorder(DCD) is a common neuro-developmental disorder in childhood, characterized by deficits in motor coordination. This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise combined with cognitive training versus exercise-only training on balance-postural control, gross motor skills and physical fitness in children with DCD.

Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. Twenty children aged 7-11 years diagnosed with DCD were randomly allocated into experimental group(n=10) receiving 10-week combined exercise-cognitive training and control group(n=10) receiving exercise-only training. Training was implemented 3 sessions per week, 60 minutes per session for 10 weeks. Outcome assessments were performed at baseline, week-6 and week-10. Motor performance indicators included Y-balance test, eyes-closed single-leg stand, BOT-2 gross-motor sub-scale and national student physical fitness tests.

Studieöversikt

Status

Avslutad

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Faktisk)

20

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studieorter

  • Kina
    • Shanghai Municipality
      • Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, Kina, 200438
        • Shanghai University of Sport

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Barn

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Children aged between 7-11 years old.
  2. Satisfied screening criteria for Developmental Coordination Disorder: MABC-2 total percentile ≤16 or sub-item percentile ≤5; meet age-cut-off score of DCD-Q questionnaire.
  3. Caregiver reported motor difficulties have presented from early developmental stage.
  4. Participants are capable of completing all training and assessment procedures.
  5. Written informed consent provided by legal guardians.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, ADHD or other neurodevelopmental disorders.
  2. Severe organic disease that contraindicates physical exercise.
  3. Receiving concurrent physical therapy or occupational therapy targeting motor coordination during study period.

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Behandling
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Ingen (Open Label)

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: Combined motor-cognitive training group
Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder received combined motor-cognitive training. Each session integrated physical exercise and cognitive tasks to improve motor performance
Beteende: Combined exercise-cognitive training
Participants received 10-week training, 3 sessions per week, 60 minutes per session. Each session contained 30-minute fundamental motor-skill exercise (running, jumping, kicking, throwing, catching), plus 30-minute cognitive training consisting of action observation, motor-imagery guided tasks with picture/video prompts. Training difficulty was progressively divided into basic phase(1-3w), advanced phase(4-6w), and integration phase(7-10w).
Aktiv komparator: Exercise-only training control group
children received general physical-activity training with the same frequency, duration and intensity as the experimental group, without additional cognitive tasks.
Beteende: Exercise-only training
Participants received identical 30-minute fundamental motor-skill physical exercise same as experimental group each session. Instead of cognitive training, children performed matched quiet non-cognitive rest activity for another 30 minutes, to equalize total trainer-contact time. The whole intervention lasted 10 weeks, three sessions weekly, 60 minutes each session.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Förändring i grovmotoriska färdigheter bedömda med BOT-2
Tidsram: Baseline (före intervention) och efter intervention (10 veckor).
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) utvärderar grovmotoriska färdigheter, inklusive balans, bilateral koordination och löphastighet. Total Motor Composite standardpoäng kommer att rapporteras. Standardpoängen sträcker sig från ett minimum av 20 till ett maximum av 80. Högre poäng indikerar bättre grovmotorisk skicklighet och koordination.
Baseline (före intervention) och efter intervention (10 veckor).
Change in Dynamic Postural Control Assessed by the Y-Balance
Tidsram: Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention (10 weeks).
Measures maximum controlled reach distance in three directions while maintaining a single-leg stance.
Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention (10 weeks).
Change in Static Postural Control Assessed by the Single-Leg Stance Test with Eyes Closed
Tidsram: Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
Participants stand on one leg with their eyes closed. The duration (in seconds) they can successfully maintain balance is recorded to evaluate static postural control and proprioceptive integration capacity.
Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
Change in Lower Limb Coordination Assessed by the Side Hop Test
Tidsram: Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
Participants perform continuous lateral jumps back and forth over a set distance within a limited time. The total number of successful jumps is recorded to reflect lower limb coordination and rapid posture adjustment ability.
Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
Change in Sprinting Speed Assessed by the 50-Meter Dash
Tidsram: Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
The time taken (in seconds) to complete a 50-meter sprint is recorded to evaluate physical speed and acceleration capabilities.
Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
Change in Coordination and Cardiopulmonary Endurance Assessed by the 1-Minute Jump Rope Test
Tidsram: Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
The number of valid jumps completed within one minute is recorded to reflect whole-body coordination and cardiopulmonary endurance levels.
Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
Change in Lower Limb Explosive Power Assessed by the Standing Long Jump
Tidsram: Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
The maximum valid horizontal jump distance (in centimeters) is recorded to evaluate the explosive power of the lower limbs.
Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
Change in Core Muscle Endurance Assessed by the 1-Minute Sit-Up Test
Tidsram: Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
The number of correctly performed sit-ups completed in one minute is recorded to evaluate trunk and core muscle endurance.
Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
Change in Flexibility Assessed by the Sit-and-Reach Test
Tidsram: Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks
The maximum forward reach distance (in centimeters) is recorded to evaluate the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles.
Baseline (pre-intervention) ,6weeks and post-intervention 10weeks

Samarbetspartners och utredare

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Sponsor

Shanghai University of Sport

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Faktisk)

14 oktober 2024

Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)

30 juni 2025

Avslutad studie (Faktisk)

30 juni 2025

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

26 augusti 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

6 september 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

10 september 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

10 september 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

6 september 2026

Senast verifierad

1 augusti 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • SUS-2026-DCD-001

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NEJ

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