与学者肌肉骨骼疾病相关的心理社会因素 (MSDs)

院士

患有肌肉骨骼疾病的学者

The Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire

Dawson and colleagues developed an extended version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to obtain more detailed data on the prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal disorders. It includes general questions about the history of problems in nine body regions, such as the neck, upper back, shoulders, elbows, hands/arms, lower back, hips, knees, and feet/ankles. The questionnaire was provided along with a body diagram to help participants indicate areas of pain or discomfort. The response options are limited to "yes" and "no." A Turkish cultural adaptation and validity study of the questionnaire has been conducted.

University Academic Staff Work Stress Scale

University Academic Staff Work Stress Scale, developed by Balcı in 1992 and validated for reliability and validity, was used. The scale contains 24 items. The total scale score ranges from 0 to 120, with higher scores indicating lower job satisfaction. The questionnaire has high validity and reliability.

The Maslach Burnout Inventory

The Maslach Burnout Inventory was developed by Maslach and Jackson in 1981. The inventory has also been validated and tested for reliability for use in Turkish among academicians. The inventory consists of 22 items and assesses burnout across three subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. The emotional exhaustion subscale includes nine items related to fatigue, boredom, and reduced emotional energy. The depersonalization subscale consists of five items concerning detached or impersonal behavior toward care and service recipients. The personal accomplishment subscale comprises eight items and reflects an individual's sense of competence and achievement. Items on the scale are rated on a Likert scale from 0 to 6. Separate scores were obtained for each of the three subscales. High scores on the emotional exhaustion or depersonalization subscales, or low scores on the personal accomplishment subscale, indicate a high level of burnout.

Work-Life Balance Scale

The scale, developed and tested for reliability by Taşdelen-Karçkay and Bakalım, evaluates the balance between work and life. It consists of 8 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with each item scored from "Strongly Disagree -1-" to "Strongly Agree -7-." Low scores indicate a disruption in work-life balance.