认知整合式足球训练与表现

实验性的：Cognitively Engaging Soccer Training

Participants assigned to the experimental arm will receive soccer-specific cognitive-motor training in addition to their usual soccer training. The program will last 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week and approximately 45 minutes per session. Each session will combine soccer technical practice with game-like cognitive demands, including scanning before receiving the ball, recognizing opponent pressure, identifying target players, selecting between passing, dribbling, or shooting options, responding to transition cues, and performing under time or opponent pressure. Training tasks will progress from constrained perception-action drills to conditioned small-sided games. The intervention is designed to improve executive functions, decision-making, and soccer skill performance under representative match-like conditions.

行为的：认知参与式足球训练

这种干预将认知元素融入基础足球技能训练中。 参与者进行20分钟足球带球训练，其中包含决策任务、注意力控制和融入运动动作的工作记忆挑战。 例如，球员在完成带球练习时必须对颜色或数字提示做出反应。 目的是通过双重任务参与同时提升运动学习和认知表现。 认知参与式足球训练

有源比较器：Conventional Soccer Training

Participants assigned to the control arm will receive active technical training in addition to their usual soccer training. The program will last 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week and approximately 45 minutes per session. Training will include conventional soccer technical drills, such as passing patterns, dribbling circuits, receiving and turning exercises, ball-control activities, and finishing practice. The control sessions will be matched with the experimental arm for training duration, session frequency, general soccer content, and approximate physical workload. However, they will not systematically include game-like cognitive-motor constraints such as opponent-pressure recognition, target-player identification, decision-switching cues, or structured pass/dribble/shoot choice demands.

行为的：常规足球训练

该干预措施包括传统的足球盘带训练，未添加任何认知任务。 参与者进行相同时长和频率的足球技能练习（20分钟），纯粹专注于运动表现和技术精进。 不引入外部认知要求。

Video-Based Soccer Decision Accuracy

Video-based soccer decision accuracy will be used as the primary outcome to assess soccer-specific decision-making performance. Participants will view attacking and transition scenarios from a field-player perspective. Each video will be occluded at a critical decision point, and participants will select the most appropriate action, such as pass, dribble, shoot, switch play, or retain possession. Decision accuracy will be calculated as the percentage of responses that match the expert consensus answer. Higher scores indicate better soccer-specific decision-making performance.

Dribbling performance time

Dribbling performance time will be measured as the total time (in seconds) required to complete a standardized cone-dribbling course.

Reaction time on cognitive tasks (Stroop task and 2-back task)

Reaction time (in milliseconds) will be recorded for correct responses during computerized Stroop and 2-back tasks. Mean reaction time across trials will be calculated separately for each task at each assessment time point.

Response accuracy on cognitive tasks (Stroop task and 2-back task)

Response accuracy will be calculated as the percentage of correct responses during computerized Stroop and 2-back tasks.