Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole in Obese Subjects

December 16, 2016 updated by: Manjunath Prakash Pai
Obese subjects may require a higher fixed oral maintenance dosing regimen of voriconazole compared to normal weight subjects to achieve comparable plasma exposures. The current study is designed to address this issue.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The prevalence of obesity has increased tremendously in the past two decades. An estimated 1 out of 5 persons in the United States are classified as obese. Under representation of obese patients in pharmacokinetic trials grossly limit generalizability of drug dosing recommendations in this emerging population. No published pharmacokinetic studies of voriconazole dosing in patients with obesity currently exist in the literature. Specifically,voriconazole pharmacokinetic data from subjects with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2(Class II and III obesity) are limited.

Voriconazole is available as both an intravenous and oral formulation. Anecdotal experience suggest that the use of oral voriconazole to be significantly more prevalent that that of intravenous therapy. The current oral recommended dosing regimen for voriconazole includes use of 200 mg every 12 hours for patients who are over 40 kg. The dosage can be increased to 300 mg by mouth every 12 hours in situations where a sufficient clinical response is not noted. A weight based dosing strategy is also utilized in patients with more serious infections (3-6 mg/kg IV Q 12 hours) such as invasive aspergillosis. Voriconazole demonstrates non-linear pharmacokinetics and so dosing based on total body weight may result in non-dose proportional exposure. For example, a 1.5 fold dose increment in voriconazole from 200 mg to 300 mg every 12 hours results in a 2.5 fold increase in exposure. The most appropriate body size descriptor is unknown (i.e. ideal body weight, fat free weight, lean body weight, etc.) for most antimicrobials, including voriconazole. As a consequence, the appropriateness of weight-based voriconazole dosage selection in obese patients is not known. Intuitively, weight based dosing (on total body weight) in this population could lead to higher than expected exposures (non-linear pharmacokinetics) and lead to potential adverse events. Therapeutic drug monitoring is increasingly advocated as a system to improve voriconazole dosing. However, an assay to measure voriconazole concentrations in the clinic is not routinely available. Hence, the current pilot study proposes to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of voriconazole in obese subjects using two fixed dose regimens.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
10

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • New Jersey
      • Paramus, New Jersey, United States, 07652
        • TKL Research Inc

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 50 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. males and females, 18 to 50 years of age;
  2. non-smoking or light-smoking (≤5 cigarettes per day) volunteers;
  3. BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2;
  4. female subjects of childbearing potential either surgically sterilized, using an effective method of contraception (diaphragm, cervical cap, condom) or agree to abstain from sex from time of prestudy screening, during entire study period and 1 week following the study period.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. History of significant hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance to voriconazole, fluconazole,itraconazole, posaconazole, or ketoconazole ;
  2. history of significant clinical illness requiring pharmacological management;
  3. abnormal serum electrolyte or complete blood count requiring further clinical work-up;
  4. transaminases (AST or ALT) >2.5 x upper limit of normal;
  5. estimated creatinine clearance <50 mL/min (Cockcroft-Gault equation);
  6. positive urine pregnancy test (if female);
  7. abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) as judged by study physician;
  8. unable to tolerate venipuncture and multiple blood draws;
  9. clinically significant abnormal physical examination defined as a physical finding requiring further clinical work-up.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Voriconazole low dose first then high dose
Voriconazole administered by Mouth as a Loading Dose (400 mg x 2 Doses, Day 1) and as Maintenance Doses (200 mg Every 12 Hours x 7 Doses) followed by 7 day washout followed by Loading Dose (400 mg x 2 Doses, Day 1) and a Maintenance Doses (300 mg Every 12 Hours x 7 Doses)
Drug: Voriconazole low dose
Voriconazole 400 mg po x 2 doses (loading dose)then 200 mg po twice daily x 7 doses
Other Names:
  • Vfend
Drug: Voriconazole high dose
Voriconazole 400 mg po x 2 doses (loading dose)then 300 mg po twice daily x 7 doses
Other Names:
  • Vfend
Experimental: Voriconazole high dose first then low dose
Voriconazole administered by Mouth as a Loading Dose (400 mg x 2 Doses, Day 1) and as Maintenance Doses (300 mg Every 12 Hours x 7 Doses) followed by 7 day washout followed by Loading Dose (400 mg x 2 Doses, Day 1) and a Maintenance Doses (200 mg Every 12 Hours x 7 Doses)
Drug: Voriconazole low dose
Voriconazole 400 mg po x 2 doses (loading dose)then 200 mg po twice daily x 7 doses
Other Names:
  • Vfend
Drug: Voriconazole high dose
Voriconazole 400 mg po x 2 doses (loading dose)then 300 mg po twice daily x 7 doses
Other Names:
  • Vfend

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Steady-State Cmax and Cmin of Two Voriconazole Dosing Regimens
Time Frame: Day 5

Cmax is the maximum concentration, and Cmin is the minimum concentration. These measurements are based on analysis of plasma. The units shown are milligrams of voriconazole per liter of plasma. The two dosing regimens are:

  1. a loading dose (400 mg x 2 doses, day 1) and maintenance doses (200 mg every 12 hours x 7 doses) in obese subjects.
  2. a loading dose (400 mg x 2 doses, day 1) and maintenance doses (300 mg every 12 hours x 7 doses) in obese subjects.
Day 5
Geometric Mean Ratio of the AUC Between the High and Low Dose Voriconazole
Time Frame: 14 days
AUC is the area under the concentration-time curve. The Geometric Mean Ratio and 90% confidence interval around this value permit an assessment of the bioequivalence of two dosing regimens in the same group. The geometric mean is computed based on the ratio of the AUC value from the high dose compared to the AUC value from the low dose for each individual. This ratio provides a more robust interpretation of the differences between the two dosing arms because each individual serves as their own control.
14 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
The Area Under the Curve Over the Dosing Interval for All Participants While on the High Dose and Low Dose Interventions.
Time Frame: 12 hours
12 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Manjunath Prakash Pai

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Pfizer
TKL Research, Inc.

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 1, 2009

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 1, 2010

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
May 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 10, 2009

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 10, 2009

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 11, 2009

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 9, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 16, 2016

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
December 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 09010

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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