Closing the Loop for 36 Hours in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

April 5, 2011 updated by: University of Cambridge

An Open-label, Randomised, 2-period Cross-over Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of 36-hour Closed-loop Glucose Control in Comparison With Conventional Subcutaneous Insulin Pump Treatment in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

High variability of blood sugar levels and high incidence of night-time hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) in young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) make achieving the treatment goals in this population extremely challenging.

Our ongoing research focuses on the development of a closed-loop glucose control in children and adolescents with T1D. The three components of the closed-loop system are a continuous glucose monitor, an insulin pump, and a computer-based algorithm. The studies performed thus far evaluated the efficacy and safety of overnight closed-loop glucose control. The results showed that overnight closed-loop improved control of blood glucose and prevented nocturnal hypoglycaemia, as compared to the conventional insulin pump therapy. The next objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of closed-loop insulin delivery over a prolonged time period, including the daytime, when normal living activities occur. This will pave the way for a more comprehensive use of closed loop systems to control glucose levels in T1D.

The present study adopts an open-label, randomised, 2-period cross-over design whereby the safety and efficacy of closed-loop insulin therapy will be compared with the conventional insulin pump therapy in 12 adolescents with T1D. Participants aged 12 to 18 years will be randomised for two 36 hour studies in a clinical research facility, during which glucose levels will be controlled by either the computer-based closed-loop algorithm (intervention arm) or by conventional insulin pump therapy (control arm). During both studies participants will perform normal daily activities, i.e. playing, reading, snacking and physical activity. On both occasions, the Actiheart, a combined heart rate and movement sensor will be used to accurately quantify each subject's individual physical activity energy expenditure during the 36 hour study period and for 36 hours of free living during weekday.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The study is an open-label, randomised, 2-period crossover study comparing the closed-loop insulin therapy with the conventional insulin pump therapy in 12 adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Subjects who consented to take part in the study will attend the Clinical Research Facility on two occasions, each lasting 36 hours. Approximately 1-3 days prior to each Study Visit, a subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device will be inserted.

On each Study Visit subjects will arrive between 17:30 and 18:00 and will stay in the clinical research facility for two nights.

Shortly after arrival the subjects will have Actiheart monitor fitted and a cannula inserted into a vein of one arm for blood sampling purposes. Blood sampling for plasma glucose and plasma insulin will start at 18:30 and will be carried out at 30 minutes intervals during the day and at 60min intervals during the night throughout the study period. Plasma glucose measurements will be done in real time every 30min during the day and every 60min during the night except when when plasma glucose < 3.5mmol/L or following treatment for hypoglycaemia, when the measurements will be carried out every 15 minutes.

On Study Visit 1 the subjects will be randomised on arrival to receive either the conventional insulin pump therapy or the closed-loop intervention. At 18:30 subjects will perform 5 to 10 minutes exercise on a bicycle to determine the settings needed to achieve a heart rate of 140 bpm corresponding to an exercise level at 55%60% of peak VO2. In the closed-loop intervention arm the insulin pump therapy will be driven by the computer-based algorithm from 19:30 until the end of the study. The basal insulin infusion rate on the insulin pump will be adjusted manually at 15min intervals following the computer-based algorithm advice. During the control arm, the subject will carry on with their usual insulin pump regimen. In both groups CGM will be continued throughout the whole of the study period. Subjects who completed Study Visit 1 will cross over to the alternative Study Visit schedule after an interval of 1 to 6 weeks.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
12

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United Kingdom
      • Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB20QQ
        • Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Addenbrooke's Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

12 years to 18 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • The subject is between 12 and 18 years of age (inclusive)
  • The subject has had type 1 diabetes, as defined by WHO for at least 1 year or is confirmed C-peptide negative
  • The subject will have been on insulin pump for at least 3 months, with good knowledge of insulin self-adjustment
  • HbA1c ≤ 12% based on analysis from central laboratory

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Non-type 1 diabetes mellitus including those secondary to chronic disease
  • Any other physical or psychological disease likely to interfere with the normal conduct of the study and interpretation of the study results
  • Current treatment with drugs known to interfere with glucose metabolism such as systemic corticosteroids, non-selective beta-blockers and MAO inhibitors
  • Known or suspected allergy against insulin
  • Subjects with clinical significant nephropathy, neuropathy or proliferative retinopathy as judged by the clinician
  • Total daily insulin dose >= 2 IU/kg
  • Postmenarchal girls who are pregnant or intending to become pregnant or are breastfeeding
  • Any coexisting cardiac and respiratory condition (including asthma)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Closed-loop
Subcutaneous insulin delivery to be adjusted according to the computer-based algorithm advice, based on subcutaneous glucose readings
Other: Closed-loop insulin delivery
Basal subcutaneous insulin delivery to be adjusted at 15min cycles according to the computer-based algorithm advice.
Active Comparator: Control arm
Subcutaneous insulin delivery to be administered according the standard insulin pump settings
Other: Standard insulin pump treatment
Subcutaneous insulin delivery to be performed based on subjects' standard treatment

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
The primary outcome measure is time spent with plasma glucose concentration in the target range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) between 24:00 on Day 1 to 08:00 on Day 3.
Time Frame: 32 hours
32 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Secondary outcomes will include: (i) Total and basal insulin delivery between 24:00 on Day 1 and 08:00 on Day 3 (36 hours) (ii) CGM glucose levels between 24:00 on Day 1 and 08:00 on Day 3 (36 hours)
Time Frame: 36 hours
36 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Cambridge

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Roman Hovorka, PhD, University of Cambridge

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 1, 2010

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 1, 2010

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 23, 2010

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 23, 2010

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 24, 2010

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 6, 2011

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 5, 2011

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2010

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • DAN01

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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