Perceptions of Thalassemia Major in Singapore: An Exploratory Study of Stigma

December 14, 2019 updated by: National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)

Background:

  • Thalassemia major (TM) is a chronic disorder that affects a person s ability to produce hemoglobin, resulting in anemia. Hemoglobin is a component of red blood cells that carries oxygen and nutrients to cells in the body. As a result, individuals require life-long blood transfusions and extensive medical management. Studies have shown that because of its demanding nature, TM might negatively affect an individual s quality of life, sense of self, and social integration, but little is known about affected individuals overall experiences with and perceptions of TM.
  • TM is caused by a genetic change in the thalassemia gene. The disease is passed to children by parents who carry one copy of the altered thalassemia gene. The parents are called carriers of the condition and have a 25 percent chance of having a child with TM. It is possible to screen for carriers of TM and use this information for pregnancy planning and management.
  • TM is common among people from South and South East Asia and is an important public health concern in Singapore. More research is needed to explore the lives of people with TM, and the societal perceptions that exist in Singapore about TM.

Objectives:

  • To describe the familial, social, and professional experiences of individuals with TM.
  • To investigate the social messages being given out about TM in Singapore and the sources of those messages.
  • To explore the impact of these experiences, perceptions, and social messages on individuals who have TM.
  • To explore how the experiences and perceptions of individuals who have TM affect their life, sense of self, social integration, and compliance with medical treatment.

Eligibility:

  • Residents of Singapore who are 14 years of age or older, can speak English, and currently have TM.
  • Parents of individuals with TM who are 14 years of age or older. Parents must be 21 years of age or older, be able to speak English, and have had caregiving responsibilities for their child at some point.

Design:

  • All participants will have a one-time semi-structured interview, followed by a questionnaire to obtain demographic information.
  • Interviews will be conducted in Singapore and are expected to last for 30 to 90 minutes.
  • Individuals with TM will be asked about their own perceptions of TM; familial, social, and professional experiences involving TM; and their perceptions of others views and of social messages related to TM.
  • Parents of individuals with TM will be asked about their experiences in caring for a child with TM, talking to their child about TM, telling people about their child s TM, and interacting with health care providers.

Study Overview

Status

Status

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Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Detailed Description

Thalassemia major (TM) is a chronic, inherited hematological disorder that can require life-long medical care. As a result of the chronic and demanding nature of the condition, studies have shown that TM might negatively affect an individual s quality of life, sense of self, social integration, and compliance with medical treatment. Yet, little is known about affected individuals overall experiences with and perceptions of TM. In this study, the concept of stigma will be used to explore and understand these experiences and perceptions in the population of individuals with TM in Singapore. This study will involve qualitative interviews with TM patients and parents of TM patients. Interviews will focus on individuals family, social and professional experiences with TM; the social messages that exist in Singapore about TM and their sources; individuals perceptions of how others view TM; individuals own perceptions of TM; and the impact of these various experiences, messages and perceptions on the individual with TM. Interviews will be conducted with approximately 20-30 individuals with TM, and 10-20 parents of individuals with TM. Interviews will be transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis to identify common themes. The results of this study will further our understanding of the psychosocial burden of TM and the potential role of stigma in this population, which may ultimately inform the care for individuals with TM. The study s setting will also provide insights into the impact of the Singaporean sociocultural context on the psychosocial elements of living with a genetic condition, which might eventually help to inform the development of appropriate psychosocial support services and genetic counseling services in the region.

Study Type

Study Type

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Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

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30

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Singapore
      • Singapore, Singapore
        • KK Women's & Children's Hospital
      • Singapore, Singapore, 169608
        • Singapore General Hospital Outram Rd.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

  • INCLUSION CRITERIA:
  • Individuals who currently have TM and receive at least 8 blood transfusions in a year
  • Residents of Singapore
  • Must speak English
  • Parents of individuals with TM will be eligible for participation if they are age 21 years or older
  • Parents must be residents of Singapore
  • Parents must speak English
  • For a parent to participate in the study, it will not be required that his or her child also participate in the study or vice versa.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

  • Children under age 14 years
  • Non-English speaking individuals

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Collaborators and Investigators

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Sponsor

Sponsor

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National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)

Publications and helpful links

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General Publications

Study record dates

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Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

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April 23, 2010

Study Completion

Study Completion

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January 7, 2016

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

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May 21, 2010

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

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May 21, 2010

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 24, 2010

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
December 17, 2019

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 14, 2019

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 7, 2016

More Information

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Keywords

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Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 999910104
  • 10-HG-N104

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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