Study of Nuvaring Acceptability, Adherence and Biological Effects Among HIV-negative Women in Kenya

August 19, 2015 updated by: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Clinical Trial of Acceptability, Adherence and Immune/Microbiologic Effects of a Vaginal Contraceptive Ring Among HIV-negative Women in Western Kenya

One arm clinical trial of Nuvaring use for six months among 200 previously contracepting HIV-negative women (COCPs or DMPA) aged 18-35 in Kenya, where no vaginal rings are licensed/available for contraception or other indications. This was meant to be a formative research study to understand the predictors of acceptability and adherence to a contraceptive vaginal ring, and its immunoogical and microbiological effects over six months of product use.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Background: Adherence to HIV prevention and contraception technologies is imperfect but a key to effectiveness. The options currently available to protect women from HIV infection and unwanted pregnancy (e. g. condom use, abstinence, monogamy) are not consistently available, practical, or under women's control. Intravaginal rings (IVRs) are an important technology that can be long-acting and woman-controlled and are being developed for HIV prevention with and without co-formulated hormonal contraception. Availability of IVRs in sub-Saharan Africa is limited; hence, it is important to evaluate acceptability, utilization, and biologic effects of IVR usage among African women. The NuvaRing® intravaginal combined hormonal contraceptive ring is used successfully in 61 countries worldwide, although not currently in Kenya. NuvaRing is self-inserted for 21 days starting after the last day of menses then removed for seven days to allow menses to occur, and has comparable effectiveness to oral contraceptives. Adherence to HIV prevention and contraception technologies like the IVR is critical to optimizing effectiveness. In preparation for a potential future Phase 2 trial of a combination antiretroviral-contraceptive IVR, KEMRI/CDC proposes to examine adherence, acceptability and biological effects of NuvaRing® among Kenyan women already using a modern method of contraception.

Objectives:

  1. To assess adherence and utilization patterns for NuvaRing®, behaviourally and biologically.
  2. To assess acceptability and effect of NuvaRing® on sexual behaviour among women and their sexual partners in a setting where there is no routine IVR use. At the end of the NuvaRing® trial, to additionally assess the hypothetical acceptability of a prototype dual use HIV-prevention and contraceptive IVR among women who had used NuvaRing® and among women who have never used an IVR.
  3. To assess biologic effects of NuvaRing® including standard safety monitoring and, among a subset of participants, genital compartment immunology and microbiology.

Study Subjects: A total of 220 women and 20 men will be enrolled in different parts of the proposed study. The primary NuvaRing® trial participants (Objectives 1 and 2 above) will be up to 200 young, healthy women recruited from family planning clinics in the Kisumu catchment area. Fifty of these women will form a biomedical subgroup addressing Objective 3. To augment Objective 2, twenty trial participants and their sexual partners will take part in a qualitative in-depth interview, and three focus group discussions will be conducted, one with study participants and the others with 20 women who were not part of the primary NuvaRing® trial.

Design: Single arm clinical trial with up to 3 month pre-product phase (on oral or injectable contraceptives) followed by 6 months of IVR use, ending with an up to 3 month post-product phase during which women return to oral or injectable contraceptives and then exit the study. Monthly and quarterly follow-up will include adherence, acceptability and clinical assessments, and HIV and pregnancy testing. Women in the biomedical subgroup will undergo more frequent visits and collection of genital specimens. In-depth interview and focus group discussions are delineated under 'Study Subjects' above.

Outcome: The study will improve understanding of adherence to biomedical technologies, facilitate the conduct of future HIV microbicide clinical trials relying on IVR technology, and inform public health practice regarding contraception.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
200

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 35 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18 to 34 years of age - Age will be verified using a standard national document e.g. Identity card, birth notification etc., and in case they are missing we will rely on proxy verification. Everyone in Kenya over the age of 18 is required to have a government-issued identification card, which includes their date of birth. There is some likelihood that women who are interested do not have this card and do not know their year of birth. In such, instances the participant will be asked her age and birth month. The day of birth will be defaulted to the 15th and year of birth will be calculated using the available information if not provided by the participant. In instances, where age cannot be verified, participation will not be permitted.
  • Fluent in English, Swahili, or DhoLuo
  • Resident of the Kisumu catchment area (≈150 kilometres from Kisumu City)
  • Able and willing to provide written informed consent
  • Willing to provide detailed locator information and not planning to relocate outside the study area for next 12 months
  • Engaged in more than one episode of vaginal intercourse on different days in the past 30 days
  • Female, not currently pregnant and not intending to get pregnant for the next 12 months

  • Demonstrated willingness to prevent conception for the next 12 months, based on:

    o Documented receipt of three on-time monthly oral contraceptive pill (OCP) refills, or one DMPA injection at a FP clinic in the last 3 months prior to enrolling in the study.

  • Willing to exclusively use IVR for contraception for the duration of the intervention phase of study. (Proper and consistent condom use will be encouraged and condoms will be provided for STI/HIV prevention)
  • HIV negative per Kenya's HIV testing algorithm (using rapid tests)
  • Willing to undergo periodic study procedures including pregnancy testing, HIV and STI testing

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participants will be excluded from the study based on:

    • Known medical contraindications:
    • Thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders (current or history)
    • Cerebral vascular or coronary artery disease (current or history)
    • Valvular heart disease with thrombogenic complications
    • Severe hypertension
    • Diabetes with vascular involvement
    • Headaches with focal neurological symptoms
    • Major surgery with prolonged immobilization
    • Known or suspected carcinoma of the breast or personal history of breast cancer
    • Carcinoma of the endometrium or other known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia
    • Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding
    • Cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy or jaundice with prior hormonal contraceptive use
    • Hepatic tumours (benign or malignant) or active liver disease
    • Known or suspected pregnancy
    • Heavy smoking (≥15 cigarettes per day) and over age 35
    • Hypersensitivity to any of the components of NuvaRing®
    • Current breastfeeding or being within three months of parturition, at the time of screening.
    • Evidence of clinically significant cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, endocrine, hematologic, psychiatric, neurologic, reproductive, or allergic disease that would compromise the ability of the participant to provide informed consent, or to complete study procedures or study requirements as determined by the principal investigator or designated associate. The clinical significance of any abnormality is to be evaluated in the context of the safety of the patient volunteer and the objectives of this study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Nuvaring (only arm)
Nuvaring use for six months, with monthly pickup of rings and returning of used rings, and other behavioral/clinical assessments conducted during the visit on day 21 of the menstrual cycle.
Drug: Nuvaring
contraceptive vaginal ring with ethinyl estradiol and etonogestrel

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Participant-reported Acceptability
Time Frame: Six months of product use
Using computer assisted self-reported questionnaires and focus group discussions
Six months of product use
Biological (Objective) measures of Adherence
Time Frame: Six months of product use
Composite of salivary estradiol assays (instantaneous adherence) and remnant-drug assay of returned used vaginal rings (cumulative adherence over 21 days of use)
Six months of product use
Local Immunological effects of vaginally delivered hormonal contraception as measured by immunophenotyping
Time Frame: Six months of product use
Immunophenotyping analysis of cervicovaginal lavage collected at each day21 visit in a subset of participants, reported as total CD3, CD38 cell counts and proportions of CD4:CD8 cells
Six months of product use
Participant-reported Adherence
Time Frame: Six months of product use
Using computer assisted self-reported questionnaires and focus group discussions
Six months of product use
Microbiological effect of vaginally delivered hormonal contraception
Time Frame: Six months of product use
Standard Nugent score of cervicovaginal lavage smears.
Six months of product use

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Kenya Medical Research Institute

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Mumbi Makanga, MBChB, Kenya Medical Research Institute
  • Study Chair: Beatrice Nyagol, MN, Kenya Medical Research Institute
  • Principal Investigator: Eleanor McLellan-Lemal, PhD, US CDC
  • Study Chair: Mitesh Desai, MD, MPH, US CDC

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 1, 2014

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 1, 2015

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 14, 2015

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 19, 2015

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 20, 2015

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 20, 2015

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 19, 2015

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • CDC-NCHHSTP-6518
  • SSC Protocol # 2609 (Other Identifier: Kenya Medical Research Institute (FWA00002066))

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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