Planning the Next Steps: Using an Implementation Intention Approach to Increase Daily Walking

July 19, 2018 updated by: Brandeis University
The study goal is to design an intervention utilizing implementation intentions to help participants prospectively plan and visualize ways to increase activity for the next day among working adults who do not currently exercise or use an activity monitor. Investigators will assess the level of and changes in physical activity, and how this relates to various individual factors that are related to exercise and health, including self-efficacy, control beliefs, and cognition.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The 5-week study consists of a 1-week baseline, where participants are asked to wear a Fitbit to document the number of steps taken that day to establish an objective measurement of steps before the intervention began. In the intervention condition, after the baseline week, during weeks 2 to 5, this condition is prompted with an email each evening for four weeks to review their schedules for the following day and identify time slots where they could add activity. They are given instructions for providing a detailed calendar of appointments and open slots for the next day using a simple daily planner. The planning implementation intention manipulation involves recording specific information about when, where, and how they will add steps to their day. They are provided with maps near their home and work with specific information about distances, estimated time to walk between different points, and number of steps for specific routes to help them in planning for specific routes.The control condition is matched for how much contact they have with the research staff (called and emailed the same amount of times) and also wear the Fitbit daily. The only difference from the intervention group is that they do not get the daily planning instructions or maps for the implementation intention strategy treatment. All activity data from the Fitbit was deidentified and aggregated with an online platform called Fitabase.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
63

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

35 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Currently working full time
  • Not engaged in regular exercise
  • 35 years of age or older

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Not healthy enough to engage in a walking intervention

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Control group
Participants will wear a Fitbit Zip to record their daily activity data, which will be deidentified and aggregated with an online platform called Fitabase. Participants in the control group will be matched with the intervention group for how much contact they have with the researcher.
Behavioral: Control Group
Participants will wear a Fitbit Zip for 5 weeks to record their daily activity data. The first week of the study will provide a baseline measurement of activity. After this week, participants in this condition will begin receiving daily emails asking them to report their step count in a questionnaire. Participants in the control group will be matched with the intervention group for how much contact they have with the researcher.
Experimental: Implementation Intention Condition
Participants will wear a Fitbit Zip to record their daily activity data, which will be deidentified and aggregated with an online platform called Fitabase. Participants in this arm will receive all components of the intervention: scheduling, maps, and activity goals.
Behavioral: Implementation Intention Condition
Participants will wear a Fitbit Zip for 5 weeks to record their daily activity data. The first week of the study will provide a baseline measurement of activity. After this week, participants will be asked to increase their steps incrementally by 2,000 steps each week for the subsequent four weeks. To help achieve their step goals, they will receive maps of different routes near their home and/or work of varying distances and step counts. They will be asked to review their schedule for the next day and identify times when they could add steps into their schedules, and to record their daily step data in the daily questionnaire.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Steps
Time Frame: Week 1 & Week 5
Weekly average of daily step counts with Fitbit (averaged across 7 days at Week 1 and averaged across 7 days at Week 5).
Week 1 & Week 5
Activity Intensity
Time Frame: Week 1 & Week 5
Weekly average of daily time spent in moderate to vigorous intensity activity (averaged across 7 days at Week 1 and averaged across 7 days at Week 5).
Week 1 & Week 5

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Cognitive Composite Score
Time Frame: Baseline (Pre-Test) and Week 5 (Post-Test )
Z-score composite on the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT). Individual tests scores were first standardized to z-scores. The z-score composite was calculated by averaging the z-scores of the 5 tests: word list immediate, word list delayed, backwards counting, digits backwards, and category fluency. Post-test z-scores were standardized based on the mean and s.d. of the pretest scores. A higher z-score is indicative of better cognitive functioning.
Baseline (Pre-Test) and Week 5 (Post-Test )
Exercise Control Beliefs
Time Frame: Baseline (Pre-Test) and Week 5 (Post-Test )
Degree of perceived control over Exercise. Range from 1 (Strongly agree) to 5 (strongly agree). Reverse coded so that a higher number indicates more perceived control over exercise.
Baseline (Pre-Test) and Week 5 (Post-Test )
Exercise Self-efficacy
Time Frame: Baseline (Pre-Test) and Week 5 (Post-Test )
Amount of confidence in ability to exercise.
Baseline (Pre-Test) and Week 5 (Post-Test )
Exercise Self-efficacy Beliefs - Time Composite
Time Frame: Baseline (Pre-Test) and Week 5 (Post-Test )
Amount of confidence in ability to exercise when facing time constraints. Range from 1 (Very Sure) to 4 (Not sure at all). Reverse coded so that a higher number indicates more self-efficacy. 3 items, summed to form time-relevant composite scale.
Baseline (Pre-Test) and Week 5 (Post-Test )

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Brandeis University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Margie Lachman, Ph.D., Brandeis University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 1, 2015

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 1, 2016

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 13, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 19, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 24, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 14, 2019

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 19, 2018

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • WalkingIntentions #15147

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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