Arm Exercise Versus Pharmacologic Stress Testing for Clinical Outcome (ArmCrank)

February 16, 2022 updated by: VA Office of Research and Development

Arm Exercise Versus Pharmacologic Stress Testing for Clinical Outcome Prediction

This is a 5-year clinical trial to evaluate whether arm exercise electrocardiographic (ECG) stress testing without or with coronary artery calcium scoring (-/+ CAC) is non-inferior to treadmill ECG stress testing -/+ CAC and pharmacologic myocardial perfusion imaging as an initial evaluation to detect obstructive coronary artery disease, determined by cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and to predict clinical outcome, defined by a primary clinical endpoint of the composite of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, myocardial infarction, and 90-day post-stress test coronary artery revascularization and secondary clinical endpoints of all-cause mortality and CV mortality.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Terminated

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Note: Recruitment is temporarily suspended because of VA-ORD moratorium due to Covid-19 pandemic. 04/01/2020

Treadmill exercise capacity and other physiologic responses to leg exercise are powerful predictors of mortality and provide important clinical and diagnostic information. However, many Veterans cannot perform treadmill exercise because of lower extremity or other disabilities. For many years, pharmacologic myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has been the standard of care for their evaluation but fails to provide powerful prognostic and clinically relevant information of exercise testing, requires exposure to ionizing radiation, and is several times more expensive than exercise electrocardiography (ECG). With a recently completed Merit Review award, we obtained substantial retrospective observational evidence that arm exercise ECG stress testing scores are at least equivalent to pharmacologic MPI for robust prediction of mortality and other measures of clinical outcome in Veterans who cannot perform leg exercise. Major hypotheses for the current proposal are: 1) arm exercise ECG stress testing scores or best fit models without or with coronary artery calcium scoring (-/+ CACS) are non-inferior to the Duke Treadmill Score -/+ CACS, best fit model treadmill ECG and regadenoson (r) MPI stress testing, all performed in the same Veterans in randomized order, as an initial evaluation for obstructive coronary artery disease (oCAD), and 2) arm exercise ECG stress testing scores or best fit models -/+ CACS are non-inferior to the Duke Treadmill Score -/+ CACS, best fit model treadmill ECG and rMPI stress testing in the same Veterans for predicting the primary clinical endpoint (composite of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, myocardial infarction, or 90-day post-stress test coronary revascularization) and secondary clinical endpoints of all-cause mortality and CV mortality. Our specific aim for all Veterans referred to the St. Louis Veterans Administration (VA) stress testing laboratory and are without exclusions for exercise or regadenoson stress testing or cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CTA), is to perform a single site prospective clinical trial comparing arm exercise ECG stress test scores and best models -/+ CACS with the Duke Treadmill Score -/+ CACS if able to perform treadmill exercise, and best fit treadmill ECG and rMPI models, all performed in the same Veterans, for identification of the diagnostic endpoint of oCAD, defined as a severely ( 70%) occluded epicardial, graft, or 50% left main coronary artery lumen, determined by cardiac CTA or invasive coronary arteriography, and prediction of the primary and secondary clinical endpoints described above. The arm exercise scoring system to be evaluated incorporates the variables arm exercise capacity in resting metabolic equivalents, 1-minute heart rate recovery and arm exercise-induced ST depression of 1 mm or greater. Regadenoson MPI variables to be evaluated include an abnormal MPI study and best fit models of summed stress and difference scores, transient ischemic dilatation, gated left ventricular ejection fraction, and the heart rate response. We plan to enroll 75 Veterans per year for 4 years and follow the entire cohort for an additional year. Statistical analyses will be performed with SAS using univariate and multivariate logistic and Cox regression models. We will evaluate non-inferiority of arm exercise scores -/+ CACS for their association with oCAD and prediction of clinical endpoints with a non-inferiority margin of 0.05. A long term goal is to develop a multi-site prospective randomized VA Cooperative Study to assess generalizability of arm exercise ECG stress testing -/+ CACS for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in the VA and United States healthcare systems.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
133

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Missouri
      • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63106
        • St. Louis VA Medical Center John Cochran Division, St. Louis, MO

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

21 years to 100 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Any veteran referred to the St. Louis VA Healthcare System stress testing laboratory

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Any veteran referred to the St. Louis VA Healthcare System stress testing laboratory for a cardiac stress test

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Contra-indications to stress testing such as acute coronary syndrome, uncompensated heart failure, or unstable cardiac dysrhythmias Inability to perform arm exercise stress testing
  • Contra-indications to regadenoson stress testing such as significant reversible airway disease, heart block, or low blood pressure
  • An abnormal baseline ECG (e.g. left bundle branch block, widespread ST segment depression of at least 1 mm, ventricular paced rhythm) that precludes interpretation of the stress ECG
  • Contra-indications to cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CTA) such as contrast allergies and renal dysfunction (glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
St. Louis VA Healthcare System stress testing referrals
St. Louis VA Healthcare System cardiac stress testing laboratory referrals who are eligible and willing to complete an arm exercise ECG stress test, a treadmill ECG stress test if able, a regadenoson myocardial perfusion imaging stress test, and a coronary artery calcium score and cardiac computed tomographic angiography evaluation within 60 days if not referred for invasive coronary arteriography.
Procedure: Regadenoson myocardial perfusion imaging stress test
Best fit model of pharmacologic myocardial perfusion imaging data, including summed stress and difference scores, gated left ventricular ejection fraction, transient ischemic dilatation, and heart rate response to regadenoson data.
Other Names:
  • Lexiscan
Procedure: Arm exercise electrocardiographic stress test
Published arm exercise score and best fit model of arm exercise ECG stress testing data.
Other Names:
  • Arm exercise ECG
Procedure: Treadmill electrocardiographic stress test
Duke Treadmill Score and best fit model of treadmill exercise ECG stress testing data.
Other Names:
  • Treadmill ECG
Procedure: Coronary artery calcium score and cardiac computed tomographic angiography
Coronary artery calcium score by Agatston criteria and severe obstructive coronary artery disease > 70% by cardiac computed tomographic angiography or invasive coronary arteriography.
Other Names:
  • Coronary calcium score and cardiac CTA

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and 90-day post-stress test coronary artery revascularization
Time Frame: 5 years
Death from a cardiovascular cause, occurrence of myocardial infarction, and 90-day post-stress test coronary artery revascularization by any technique determined from VA, National Death Index, Missouri Health and Human Services, and non-VA medical records, and patient follow-up information.
5 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
All-cause mortality
Time Frame: 5 years
Death from any cause determined from VA, Social Security, and National Death Index records and patient follow-up information.
5 years
Cardiovascular mortality
Time Frame: 5 years
Death from a cardiovascular cause determined from VA, Missouri Health and Human Services, and National Death Index records and patient follow-up information.
5 years

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Obstructive coronary artery disease
Time Frame: 5 years
Severely (at least 70%) or completely occluded epicardial coronary arteries or grafts determined by cardiac computed tomographic angiography or invasive coronary arteriography
5 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
VA Office of Research and Development

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
VA St. Louis Health Care System

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Wade H. Martin, MD, St. Louis VA Medical Center John Cochran Division, St. Louis, MO

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 1, 2018

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 5, 2021

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
February 5, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 22, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 22, 2018

First Posted (ACTUAL)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 28, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 17, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 16, 2022

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • CARA-008-17F
  • 1 101 CX001345-01A3 (OTHER: VA St. Louis Health Care System)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Data will be available indefinitely after completion of the study 6/30/2023

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Data will be made available to outside investigators for purposes approved by the Principal Investigator, Co-investigators and St. Louis VA Healthcare System Institutional Review Board

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF
  • CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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