Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in Early Childhood Caries (ECC) (ART-ECC)

November 26, 2018 updated by: Daniel Demétrio Faustino da Silva, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicao

Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in Early Childhood Caries in Brazilian Babies: a Longitudinal Randomized Clinical Trial

Considering the severity and high prevalence of ECC, as well as the importance of early intervention and approach, the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment program, because of its advantages, consists of an important treatment alternative. However, only a few studies assess ART in babies affected by ECC. For this practice to be accepted as safe, scientific evidence must be built through longitudinal studies to evaluate ART performance and to this end, the present study is justified. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment performed in babies suffering from ECC after a 4-year period and compare the clinical performance of Atraumatic Restorations performed with two different glass ionomer cements. The investigator's hypothesis is that there is no difference in the clinical performance of ARTs performed with the different GICs.

The study is characterized by longitudinal follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, split-mouth-type clinical trial performed in babies affected by early childhood caries. The subjects were children of both sexes, aged between 18 and 36 months, with at least one deciduous molar in each of the different dental quadrants, presenting active cavitated lesions of shallow or medium depth, involving only the occlusal surface. The initial convenience sample consisted of 100 deciduous molars of 25 children attending Bebê Clínica of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul-FO / UFRGS, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil;

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The study is characterized by longitudinal follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, split-mouth-type clinical trial performed in babies affected by early childhood caries. The subjects were children of both sexes, aged between 18 and 36 months, with at least one deciduous molar in each of the different dental quadrants, presenting active cavitated lesions of shallow or medium depth, involving only the occlusal surface. The initial convenience sample consisted of 100 deciduous molars of 25 children attending Bebê Clínica of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul-FO / UFRGS, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil; this number being based on similar studies published in the literature [27, 28, 29]. The power of the sample was calculated using the PEPI program, version 4 (Computer Programs for Epidemiologists), for a significance level of 5%. Considering that the average success percentage in two years of ART on primary teeth facings was 88%, and the worst result found was 67% [30], the power obtained was of 70.1%.

All children in the study were enrolled in the oral health promotion program for babies, in which mothers accompanied by their children individually received information and guidance on food intake, breastfeeding, and oral hygiene. In addition to the guidance that was reinforced at each visit, children received topical application of fluoride by brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride gel in four applications with intervals of one week, considering that all had active cavities [31].

The clinical trial was performed through the experimental split-mouth model, in which the 25 selected children had their teeth distributed randomly through a random number table, receiving ART restorations of a face with one of the two high-viscosity conventional glass ionomer cements studied: Vitro Molar® (DFL, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and Ketac Molar Easy Mix® (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA). The atraumatic restorations were performed in the dental office by a single operator trained in the ART Technique [20], who received the restorative material already prepared by a trained auxiliary, ensuring blinding of the study. The restorative procedure performed in relative isolation and without the use of anesthesia consisted of removal of the carious tissue using hand instrument excavators and dentin spoons, with subsequent conditioning of the cavity with a polyacrylic acid solution at 11.5% (DFL) applied with a microbrush for 10 seconds. Immediately after, the cavity was washed and dried with cotton balls. In this step, according to the randomization, the respective GIC was inserted and subsequent digital compression was performed for 30 seconds. After occlusal adjustment, the ARTs were protected with finish gloss Alfa Bond® (DFL).

Clinical assessments were carried out in three stages: after 1, 2 and 4 years. For this, the oral health status of the children was assessed by the presence of visible plaque and caries activity, and the quality of ART restorations by the ART criterion [20]. In the exams at 4 years, an additional assessment was done by means of the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria [32] and the Visible Plaque Index-VPI and Gingival Bleeding Index-GBI [33]. Each evaluation was performed by a different blind examiner for the type of GIC used in ART and calibrated with the respective intra-examiner correlation coefficients: 1 year (ART Criterion: Kappa=0.81), 2 years (ART Criterion: Kappa=0.83), and 4 years (ART Criterion: Kappa=0.86; Modified USPHS Criteria: Kappa average=0.73; VPI: Kappa=0.79; caries activity: Kappa=1.0).

For the analysis of the general clinical performance of ART, through the success rate among the different GICs, the chi-square test was applied. In addition, the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare each individual clinical criterion between the materials (retention and anatomical shape, integrity and marginal discoloration, color of material, surface roughness and secondary caries), with all tests at the level of significance of 5% (p <0.05). The Visible Plaque Index (VPI) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), as well as caries activity were expressed through frequencies distribution.

Database construction and analysis, and interpretation of results were obtained by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 19.0.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
25

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Brazil
    • RS
      • Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91350-200
        • Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

1 year to 5 months (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • presence of active carious cavitated lesions;
  • least one deciduous molar in each of the different dental quadrants;
  • caries of shallow or medium depth, involving only the occlusal surface.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children who do not allow clinical procedures to be performed.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Vitro Molar® (DFL, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
ART restorations of a face with one of the two high-viscosity conventional glass ionomer cements-Vitro Molar® (DFL, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
Procedure: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART)
The atraumatic restorations were performed in the dental office by a single operator trained in the ART Technique [20], who received the restorative material already prepared by a trained auxiliary, ensuring blinding of the study. The restorative procedure performed in relative isolation and without the use of anesthesia consisted of removal of the carious tissue using hand instrument excavators and dentin spoons, with subsequent conditioning of the cavity with a polyacrylic acid solution at 11.5% (DFL) applied with a microbrush for 10 seconds. Immediately after, the cavity was washed and dried with cotton balls. In this step, according to the randomization, the respective GIC was inserted and subsequent digital compression was performed for 30 seconds. After occlusal adjustment, the ARTs were protected with finish gloss Alfa Bond® (DFL).
Other Names:
  • ART
Active Comparator: Ketac Molar Easy Mix® (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA).
ART restorations of a face with one of the two high-viscosity conventional glass ionomer cements-Ketac Molar Easy Mix® (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA).
Procedure: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART)
The atraumatic restorations were performed in the dental office by a single operator trained in the ART Technique [20], who received the restorative material already prepared by a trained auxiliary, ensuring blinding of the study. The restorative procedure performed in relative isolation and without the use of anesthesia consisted of removal of the carious tissue using hand instrument excavators and dentin spoons, with subsequent conditioning of the cavity with a polyacrylic acid solution at 11.5% (DFL) applied with a microbrush for 10 seconds. Immediately after, the cavity was washed and dried with cotton balls. In this step, according to the randomization, the respective GIC was inserted and subsequent digital compression was performed for 30 seconds. After occlusal adjustment, the ARTs were protected with finish gloss Alfa Bond® (DFL).
Other Names:
  • ART

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Clinical performance scale of restaruations through the ART(Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ) criterion.
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Success: Codes 0(Present, satisfactory), 1(Present, slight deficiency at cavity margin of less than 0.5 mm) and 7(Not present, other restorative treatment performed)
Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Clinical performance scale of restaruations through the ART(Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ) criterion.
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Failure: Codes 2(Present, deficiency at cavity margin of 0.5 mm or more), 3(Present, fracture in restoration), 4(Present, fracture in tooth), and 8(Not present, tooth is not present)
Through study completion, an average of 1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Clinical performance scale of restaruations through the USPHS(United States Public Health Service ) criteria.
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Success: Codes A=Alfa (Restoration is intact and fully retained) and B=Bravo (Restoration is partially retained with some portion of the restoration still intact)
Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Clinical performance scale of restaruations through the USPHS(United States Public Health Service ) criteria.
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Failure: Codes C(Restoration is completely missing)
Through study completion, an average of 1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicao

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 1, 2008

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 31, 2008

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 1, 2009

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 21, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 26, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 28, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 28, 2018

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 26, 2018

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • ART-ECC

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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