Turkish Version of Caregiver Difficulties Scale: a Study of Reliability and Validity

April 11, 2021 updated by: Hatice Adıgüzel, Sanko University
As the life expectancy of individuals with Cerebral Palsy(CP) increases, their families' material, spiritual, physical and social difficulties increase, and in time, psychological and behavioral barriers occur in family members. While these barriers are increasing in developing countries, the whole family may be more vulnerable to the negative consequences of caring because of the limited availability of basic facilities for disabled people and the lack of temporary care services. The main aim of rehabilitation of individuals with CP is to improve their adaptive functions by increasing their postural control, locomotion and manipulative skills. Today, family-centered approaches for CP are known to be the most successful in terms of rehabilitation. Because the family is known to be of great importance in terms of active participation of the child in life. Therefore, while interdisciplinary treatments are in progress for the treatment of individuals, the success of rehabilitation is provided by interacting with the family, identifying their needs and problems and supporting them. There are many questionnaires developed to assess the difficulties experienced by the parents of individuals with CP. Of these, surveys adapted to Turkish are less common. The direct translation of the questionnaires into other languages does not guarantee its validity. If measures are to be used across cultures, it is known that the elements should not only be well translated linguistically, but also culturally adapted to maintain the content validity of the instrument across different cultures.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Cerebral Palsy(CP) is a lifelong disability and 65-90% of these individuals have a normal lifespan. A multidisciplinary team approach is needed to evaluate and treat individuals with CP. This team varies according to the age, developmental level, severity of functional independence and participation in the society. However, according to the needs and dependency levels of individuals as well as team members, the family is at the center of the lives of these teams and their children. Depending on the limitations of their physical abilities, individuals with CP may need help from others in daily living activities (toilet, bath, mobilization, eating), although their limitations vary according to their clinical types. Therefore, CP can affect the lives of all family members. Today, it is known that especially the parents of individuals with CP experience widespread anxiety, financial problems, time-related pressures, and social-cultural activities. While some families adapt well, others may have difficulty coping and making various adjustments. This results in parents' life satisfaction, poor quality and deterioration of personal well-being. As a result of a study examining the quality of life; the importance of evaluating caregivers with reduced quality of life, potentially having physical, psychological or social problems. One of the effective ways of coping with the disabilities of a child with CP is to consider primary caregivers, especially mothers. Therefore, assessment of caregivers' responsibilities and their impact on health is a fundamental requirement of long-term care programs for children with disabilities. Paying special attention to caregivers can be achieved by using specific tools that determine their needs and, together with all family members, not only improve the quality of life of the child, but also accelerate the treatment of the child (9). It is necessary to assess the responsibilities of care in order to provide access to the necessary facilities by providing good support to the caregivers. This can only be achieved by having an appropriate scale of caregiver responsibilities (9). The use of questionnaires to assess caregivers is most common in developed countries. When the literature is examined, the scale called 'Caregiver Difficulties Scale (CDS) en which evaluates the responsibilities of the caregivers of the individuals with CP and covers the responsibilities in every aspect (10). A Turkish validity and reliability study of several questionnaires evaluating children with CP was conducted in Turkey (11). However, there is only one scale for Turkish validity and reliability studies on parental involvement (11). The aim of this study is to determine whether the Caregiver Difficulties Scale (CDS) is a valid and reliable tool by cultural adaptation.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
80

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
    • Şehitkamil
      • Gaziantep, Şehitkamil, Turkey, 27090
        • Sanko University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

24 years to 70 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Parents of individuals with CP patients

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Parents of individuals with CP receiving active treatment in a Special Education and Rehabilitation Center reported from Guidance and Research Centers after being diagnosed from all 2 nd and 3 rd health institutions in Gaziantep
  • be willing to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having any diagnosed psychological disorder

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change of Caregiver Diffuculties Scale (CDS)
Time Frame: first day and 2 weeks later
CDS is a self-administered questionnaire designed to be completed by the principal caregiver of the child with Cerebral palsy.The 4 subscales of CDS and the corresponding items are as follows.Concerns for the child, Impact on self, Support for caregiving, Support for caregiving.There is no definite cut off threshold for CDS; the total CDS score can be used to get an idea about the level of burden experienced by the caregivers, a higher score indicating a higher level of burden.CDS shows that a high CDS score (above 42) is predictive of caregiver psychological problems. Therefore, CDS is also useful as a potential screening tool for identification of caregivers who are at risk of psychological problems such as stress, depression and anxiety.After the second application,the consistency and problems of the CDS questionnaire were reviewed.
first day and 2 weeks later
Impact on family scale
Time Frame: First day
The original objective of the Impact on Family Scale is to assess the effect of a child's illness or health condition on the family. All items had astandard four-point scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree.The four factors measured General Negative Impact (11 items), Disruption of Social Relations (nine items), Coping (four items), and Financial Impact (three items).Items are scored on a Likert scale.A low score indicates a higher impact of the chronic disease on the parents. Scores are calculated as percentages according to the highest scores of each part, using inverse proportion computing.
First day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Nottingham Health Profile
Time Frame: first day
The NHP is an instrument designed to measure subjective health status containing 38items(answered "yes" or "no") that assess subjective distress in six subgroups:physical mobility (eight items), pain (eight items), sleep (five items), emotional reactions (nine items), social isolation (five items),and energy (three items). Scores for each subgroup range from 0 (no problem) to 100 (all problems listed were present).
first day
Fatigue Severity Scale
Time Frame: first day
The FSS, which was published in 1989 by Krupp, has nine items. For each question, the patient is asked to choose a number from 1 to 7 that indicates how much the patient agrees with each statement, where 1 indicates strong disagreement and 7 indicates strong agreement. A score of 4 or higher generally indicates severe fatigue.
first day
Beck Depression Scale
Time Frame: first day
This inventory comprises 21 questions, each with four possible answers (score: 0-3). If a symptom is more severe, the score will be higher. The higher the total score, the more depressed the patient.er the total score, the more depressed the patient. The Beck scores are divided in six grades of depression, according to the original description of the scores: 0-9: no or minimal depression 10-14: on the border of a depression 15-20: mild depression.21-30: mild-moderate depression. 31-40: moderate-severe depression. 41-63: severe depression.
first day
WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment
Time Frame: first day
WHOQOL-BREF was scored over four domains: Physical Capacity (7 items), Psychological Well-being (6 items), Social Relationship (4 items), and Environment (9 items). All items were rated on a 5-point scale with a higher score indicating a higher quality of life.Domain scores were calculated by multiplying the mean of all facet scores included in each domain by a factor of 4, and accordingly, potential scores for each domain ranged from 4-20.Responses from the two items of the Overall Quality of Life and General Health facet were calculated as a single score with a range of 4-20, as with the scoring method for the four domain scores.
first day

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Sanko University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Hatice Adıgüzel, PhD cd., Sanko University
  • Principal Investigator: Nevin Ergun, Prof., Sanko University
  • Principal Investigator: İpek Katırcı Kirmaci, PhD cd., Sanko University
  • Principal Investigator: Suat Erel, Prof., Pamukkale University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 1, 2019

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 26, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 26, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 23, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 26, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 30, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 13, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 11, 2021

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Sanko M

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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