Mycophenolate Mofetil Combined With Radiation Therapy in Glioblastoma

April 22, 2026 updated by: University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

Phase 0/I Dose Escalation Study of Mycophenolate Mofetil Combined With Radiation Therapy in Glioblastoma

This is a phase 0/1 dose-escalation trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose of Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) when administered with radiation, in patients with glioblastoma or gliosarcoma.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The goal of the Phase 0 component is to determine if MMF achieves active concentrations in brain tumors. Eight participants in Phase 0 will receive MMF for one week before undergoing an already planned biopsy or re-resection (surgical removal) of glioblastoma or gliosarcoma (GBM/GS). A small portion of the tumor, removed as part of clinical care, will be used for testing in this study. Sixty additional participants will be enrolled in the Phase 1 component of the trial (30 with recurrent GBM/GS and 30 with newly diagnosed GBM/GS). The goal of the Phase 1 component is to find the dose of MMF that works best without causing severe side effects (the maximum tolerated dose) when combined with radiation in recurrent GBM/GS and with radiation and chemotherapy in newly diagnosed GBM/GS. Participants in Phase 0 who meet the eligibility criteria for the Phase 1 component may participate in both phases.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
68

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Michigan
      • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109
        • University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Glioblastoma or gliosarcoma (recurrent or newly diagnosed).
  • Karnofsky Performance Status 60 or greater.
  • Phase 0: Candidate for clinically indicated re-resection or biopsy of glioblastoma or gliosarcoma per treating physician(s).
  • Phase 1, Recurrent: Candidate for clinically indicated re-irradiation of glioblastoma or gliosarcoma per treating physician(s) (No more than one prior course of radiation for GBM).
  • Phase 1, Newly Diagnosed: Candidate for upfront standard of care chemoradiation for glioblastoma or gliosarcoma per treating physician(s), to start no earlier than 14 days post- operatively from last definitive surgery for glioblastoma or gliosarcoma (if more than one surgery done. Ex. biopsy prior to resection).
  • ANC >=1,500 cells/mm^3 within 14 days prior to enrollment.
  • Patient (men and childbearing age women) agrees to the use of highly effective contraception during study participation and for at least 6 weeks for female patients and 90 days for male patients after final MMF administration.
  • Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Lack of histopathological diagnosis of the tumor.
  • Gliomatosis cerebri pattern (tumor involving 3 or more lobes) of disease.
  • Leptomeningeal disease.
  • Use of bevacizumab within 8 weeks of study enrollment.
  • Known history of HIV.
  • Active hepatitis B or C infection.
  • Active systemic or central nervous system (CNS) infection.
  • Grade 4 lymphopenia (if ALC <0.5, patient must be on Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis).
  • Estimated CrCl < 25 ml/min.
  • History of organ transplantation.
  • Patients with known hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase deficiency.
  • Serious intercurrent disease.
  • History of allergic reaction or hypersensitivity to mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid or any component of the drug product; or medical contraindication for MMF per treating physician(s).
  • Known immunosuppressive condition from autoimmune disease, immune deficiency syndrome, or chronic immunosuppressive therapy.
  • Inability to undergo MRI brain with and without contrast.
  • Pregnant or lactating women.
  • Patients with known phenylketonuria.
  • Phase 0: Patients undergoing biopsy who are deemed unlikely to have sufficient tissue to spare for research purposes (e.g., those whose tumors are in an eloquent brain location where all tissue taken must be used for diagnostic purposes).
  • Phase I: Increase in steroid requirement within 7 days of study enrollment (stable or decreasing dose allowed).
  • Phase I, Recurrent: Radiation within 6 months prior to study enrollment.
  • Phase I, Recurrent: Surgery within 4 weeks of re-irradiation.
  • Phase I, Newly Diagnosed: History of hypersensitivity reactions to temozolomide or any other ingredients in temozolomide and dacarbazine.
  • Phase I, Newly Diagnosed: Prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for glioblastoma or gliosarcoma.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Phase 0 - Recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) / gliosarcoma (GS)
Mycophenolate mofetil
Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil
500-2000mg orally twice daily, one week prior to re-resection (2 participants at each of 4 dose levels: 500mg, 1000mg, 1500mg and 2000mg)
Other Names:
  • MMF
Procedure: Re-resection (as part of standard of care)
Re-resection or biopsy of tumor as part of standard of care
Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil
250-2000mg orally twice daily, one week prior to and concurrent with RT.
Other Names:
  • MMF
Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil
250-2000mg orally twice daily, one week prior to and concurrent with RT and cyclic chemotherapy with temozolomide.
Other Names:
  • MMF
Experimental: Phase 1 - Recurrent GBM / GS
Mycophenolate mofetil; radiation therapy
Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil
500-2000mg orally twice daily, one week prior to re-resection (2 participants at each of 4 dose levels: 500mg, 1000mg, 1500mg and 2000mg)
Other Names:
  • MMF
Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil
250-2000mg orally twice daily, one week prior to and concurrent with RT.
Other Names:
  • MMF
Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil
250-2000mg orally twice daily, one week prior to and concurrent with RT and cyclic chemotherapy with temozolomide.
Other Names:
  • MMF
Radiation: Radiation Therapy
40.5 Gy in 15 fractions
Other Names:
  • RT
Radiation: Radiation Therapy
60 Gy in 30 fractions
Other Names:
  • RT
Experimental: Phase 1 - Newly Diagnosed GBM / GS
Mycophenolate mofetil; radiation therapy; temozolomide
Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil
500-2000mg orally twice daily, one week prior to re-resection (2 participants at each of 4 dose levels: 500mg, 1000mg, 1500mg and 2000mg)
Other Names:
  • MMF
Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil
250-2000mg orally twice daily, one week prior to and concurrent with RT.
Other Names:
  • MMF
Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil
250-2000mg orally twice daily, one week prior to and concurrent with RT and cyclic chemotherapy with temozolomide.
Other Names:
  • MMF
Radiation: Radiation Therapy
40.5 Gy in 15 fractions
Other Names:
  • RT
Radiation: Radiation Therapy
60 Gy in 30 fractions
Other Names:
  • RT
Drug: Temozolomide
Temozolomide capsules are an approved oral chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed GBM/GS concomitantly with radiotherapy and then as adjuvant treatment. The dosing and timing of temozolomide therapy will be determined as per standard-of-care for the individual patient by the treating oncologist.
Other Names:
  • TMZ

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Concentration of Mycophenolic Acid (MPA) in Tumor Tissue in Phase 0 Participants
Time Frame: At 1 week

The concentration of MPA (the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]) in tumor tissue, measured by mass spectrometry on a continuous scale after one week of MMF administration.

This measure includes all phase 0 participants.
At 1 week
Number of Recurrent Phase 1 Participants Who Experience Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLTs) at Each Dose Level
Time Frame: Up to 28 days following completion of MMF + RT (up to ~9 weeks)

DLT will be defined based on the rate of drug related grade 3-5 adverse events experienced from the start of treatment with MMF and for up to 4 weeks after completion of MMF + radiation therapy (RT). Assessed using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 5.0.

This measure includes only phase 1 participants with recurrent GBM/GS.
Up to 28 days following completion of MMF + RT (up to ~9 weeks)
Number of Newly Diagnosed Phase 1 Participants Who Experience Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLTs) at Each Dose Level -- DLT1 Period
Time Frame: Up to 28 days following completion of MMF + RT + TMZ (up to ~11 weeks)

DLT will be defined based on the rate of drug related grade 3-5 adverse events experienced from the start of treatment with MMF and for up to 4 weeks after completion of MMF + RT + TMZ. Assessed using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 5.0.

This measure includes only newly diagnosed phase 1 participants.
Up to 28 days following completion of MMF + RT + TMZ (up to ~11 weeks)
Number of Newly Diagnosed Phase 1 Participants Who Experience Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLTs) at Each Dose Level -- DLT2 Period
Time Frame: During the first 2 cycles (8 weeks) of MMF with adjuvant TMZ (up to ~19 weeks)

DLT will be defined based on the rate of drug related grade 3-5 adverse events experienced during the first 2 cycles (8 weeks) of MMF with adjuvant TMZ. (The first cycle of MMF with adjuvant TMZ begins 28 days post-RT.) These will be assessed using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 5.0.

This measure includes only newly diagnosed phase 1 participants.
During the first 2 cycles (8 weeks) of MMF with adjuvant TMZ (up to ~19 weeks)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Concentrations of Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP) in Tumor Tissue in Phase 0 Participants
Time Frame: After one week of MMF administration

The concentrations of GTP in tumor tissue, measured by mass spectrometry on a continuous scale.

This measure includes all phase 0 participants.
After one week of MMF administration
Adverse Events Associated With Treatment in All Phase 1 Participants
Time Frame: Up to 28 days following completion of MMF + RT (up to ~9 weeks)

Toxicities at each dose level will be tabulated, categorized by grade and attribution.

This measure includes all phase 1 participants.
Up to 28 days following completion of MMF + RT (up to ~9 weeks)
Adverse Events Associated With Treatment in Newly Diagnosed Phase 1 Participants
Time Frame: Up to 28 days following completion of MMF with adjuvant temozolomide (up to ~15 months)

Toxicities at each dose level will be tabulated, categorized by grade and attribution.

This measure includes only newly diagnosed phase 1 participants.
Up to 28 days following completion of MMF with adjuvant temozolomide (up to ~15 months)
Overall Response Rate in Phase 1 Participants With Recurrent GBM/GS
Time Frame: Until study stops or death; up to approximately 3 years.

Determined by modified Response Assessment for Neuro-Oncology (mRANO) criteria. The number and proportion of patients with progressive disease, stable disease, partial and complete response will be calculated for each dose level and overall.

This measure includes only phase 1 participants with recurrent GBM/GS.
Until study stops or death; up to approximately 3 years.
Median Progression Free Survival (PFS) in Phase 1 Participants With Recurrent GBM/GS
Time Frame: Until study stops or death; up to approximately 3 years.

PFS defined as time from date of registration to the date of documented progressive disease, other disease related therapy or death. Determined by mRANO criteria.

This measure includes only phase 1 participants with recurrent GBM/GS.
Until study stops or death; up to approximately 3 years.
Median Freedom From Local Progression (FFLP) in Phase 1 Participants With Recurrent GBM/GS
Time Frame: Until study stops or death; up to approximately 3 years.

FFLP defined as time from date of registration to the date of documented local progressive disease. Determined by mRANO criteria.

This measure includes only phase 1 participants with recurrent GBM/GS.
Until study stops or death; up to approximately 3 years.
Median Overall Survival (OS) in Phase 1 Participants With Recurrent GBM/GS
Time Frame: Until study stops or death; up to approximately 3 years.

OS defined as time from date of registration to date of death or last follow up. Determined by Kaplan Meier method.

This measure includes only phase 1 participants with recurrent GBM/GS.
Until study stops or death; up to approximately 3 years.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Nathan Clarke, MD, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 5, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 6, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 5, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 14, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 14, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 20, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 14, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 22, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • UMCC 2019.192
  • HUM00175785 (Other Identifier: University of Michigan)
  • R37CA258346 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

Yes

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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