Nicotine's Potential Abuse With Menthol

August 1, 2024 updated by: Mehmet Sofuoglu, Yale University

Impact of Menthol on the Abuse Potential of Nicotine

To examine if switching from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes will change the dose-effect curves for positive subjective effects and alleviation of smoking urges as a function of nicotine delivery rate in smokers.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

A placebo-controlled study that will recruit male and female menthol nicotine dependent smokers. Following screening and evaluation as described above, eligible participants will be enrolled in the study which will last about 4 weeks. Eligible, participants will be randomized to menthol or non-menthol smoking condition for 2 weeks (Phase 1) and then will be switched to the alternative condition for another 2 weeks (Phase 2). The smoking condition will be open label. Participants will be provided with free cigarettes in Phases 1 and 2. For the menthol condition, participants will be provided their usual brand of menthol cigarettes and for the non-menthol condition, they will be provided a matched-brand non-menthol cigarette (e.g., Newport Non-Menthol Gold 100s for those who smoke Newport Menthol Gold 100s). In week 2 of each Phase, participants will have a test session. Each session will include 3 infusions in the same order: nicotine (1 mg per 70 kg body weight) delivered over 5 minutes, saline and nicotine (1 mg/ 70 kg) delivered over 2.5 minutes. Once the participants complete the test session, participants will be crossed-over to the alternative treatment. The period between the 2 Phases will not be longer than one week.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
16

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Connecticut
      • West Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06516
        • Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

21 years to 35 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 1) Female and male smokers, aged 21 to 35 years, who have been smoking tobacco cigarettes for at least a year;
  • 2) smoke ≥ 5 and less than 20 cigarettes per day;
  • 3) urine cotinine levels > 100 ng/mL consistent with nicotine intake of an active smoker
  • 4) not seeking treatment at the time of the study for nicotine dependence;
  • 5) in good health as verified by medical history, screening examination, and screening laboratory tests;
  • 6) for women, not pregnant as determined by pregnancy screening, nor breast feeding, and using acceptable birth control methods.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • 1) history of major medical or psychiatric disorders that the physician investigator deems as contraindicated for the subject to be in the study;
  • 2) regular use of psychotropic medication (antidepressants, antipsychotics, or anxiolytics);
  • 3) current alcohol or substance dependence for any other recreational or prescription drugs other than nicotine;
  • 4) use of e-cigarettes more than 10 days in the past 30 days;
  • 5) urine drug screening indicating recent illicit drugs use (with the exception of marijuana).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: menthol cigarettes
Will smoke only menthol cigarettes for two weeks
Drug: Nicotine
session will include 3 infusions in the same order: nicotine (1 mg per 70 kg body weight) delivered over 5 minutes, saline and nicotine (1 mg/ 70 kg) delivered over 2.5 minutes.
Other Names:
  • intravenous nicotine
Active Comparator: non menthol cigarettess
Will only smoke non menthol cigarettes for two weeks
Drug: Nicotine
session will include 3 infusions in the same order: nicotine (1 mg per 70 kg body weight) delivered over 5 minutes, saline and nicotine (1 mg/ 70 kg) delivered over 2.5 minutes.
Other Names:
  • intravenous nicotine

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Drug Effect Questionnaire - Stimulatory Effects
Time Frame: Following 2 weeks of smoking, the procedure took over 3 hours, with measured effects at 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes
Drug Effects Questionnaire was used to assess participants. The DEQ is consist of 10 items measured on a 1 to 100 visual analog scale, ranging from "not at all" to "extremely.". These ratings were then averaged to create three domain scores reflecting 1) stimulatory effects (average of "feel stimulated", "feel drug effects" and "feel high"), 2) pleasurable effects (average of "like", "feel good " and "want more"), and 3) aversive effects (average of "feel anxious", "feel down" and "feel bad"). Head rush was also assessed. Scores on the subscales range from 0 - 100 where 0 is the measure of least impactful 'effect'.
Following 2 weeks of smoking, the procedure took over 3 hours, with measured effects at 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes
Drug Effect Questionnaire - Pleasure Effect
Time Frame: Following 2 weeks of smoking, the procedure took over 3 hours, with measured effects at 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes
Drug Effects Questionnaire was used to assess participants. The DEQ is consist of 10 items measured on a 1 to 100 visual analog scale, ranging from "not at all" to "extremely.". These ratings were then averaged to create three domain scores reflecting: 1) stimulatory effects (average of "feel stimulated", "feel drug effects" and "feel high"), 2) pleasurable effects (average of "like", "feel good " and "want more"), and 3) aversive effects (average of "feel anxious", "feel down" and "feel bad"). Head rush was also assessed. Scores on the subscales range from 0 - 100 where 0 is the measure of least impactful 'effect'.
Following 2 weeks of smoking, the procedure took over 3 hours, with measured effects at 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes
Drug Effect Questionnaire - Aversive Effect
Time Frame: Following 2 weeks of smoking, the procedure took over 3 hours, with measured effects at 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes
Drug Effects Questionnaire was used to assess participants. The DEQ is consist of 10 items measured on a 1 to 100 visual analog scale, ranging from "not at all" to "extremely.". These ratings were then averaged to create three domain scores reflecting: 1) stimulatory effects (average of "feel stimulated", "feel drug effects" and "feel high"), 2) pleasurable effects (average of "like", "feel good " and "want more"), and 3) aversive effects (average of "feel anxious", "feel down" and "feel bad"). Head rush was also assessed. Scores on the subscales range from 0 - 100 where 0 is the measure of least impactful 'effect'.
Following 2 weeks of smoking, the procedure took over 3 hours, with measured effects at 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes
Drug Effect Questionnaire - Head Rush
Time Frame: Following 2 weeks of smoking, the procedure took over 3 hours, with measured effects at 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes
Drug Effects Questionnaire was used to assess participants. The DEQ is consist of 10 items measured on a 1 to 100 visual analog scale, ranging from "not at all" to "extremely.". These ratings were then averaged to create three domain scores reflecting: 1) stimulatory effects (average of "feel stimulated", "feel drug effects" and "feel high"), 2) pleasurable effects (average of "like", "feel good " and "want more"), and 3) aversive effects (average of "feel anxious", "feel down" and "feel bad"). Head rush was also assessed. Scores on all subscales, including Head Rush scale, range from 0 - 100 where lower scores indicate less head rush.
Following 2 weeks of smoking, the procedure took over 3 hours, with measured effects at 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
SAFTEE
Time Frame: up to one year
The SAFTEE is a technique for the systematic assessment of side effects in clinical trials developed by National Institute of Mental Health. It is a questionnaire that rates the current severity of a wide range of somatic, behavioral and affective symptoms in general and specific inquiry formats. It is designed to report adverse health events, regardless of whether or not they are suspected to be drug related, in order to reduce the under-reporting of unanticipated events compared with "known or expected" events.
up to one year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Yale University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Mehmet Sofuoglu, M.D.,Ph.D., Yale University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 28, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 29, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 29, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 24, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 31, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 1, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 26, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 1, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2000029223
  • 2U54DA036151-06 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Nicotine Dependence

Clinical Trials on Nicotine

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Cookie Settings

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For more details carefully read our Privacy and Cookies Policy. ...>>>You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by deleting the cookies from your website or computer as described in the policy. Please accept it and choose your preferences by ticking the corresponding boxes in the "Manage Settings" section below. Please carefully read our Terms of Service before you proceed with using any part of this website.
«Manage Settings