The Effects of Dietary Supplementation on Serum Protein Glycosylation

May 26, 2026 updated by: University of California, Davis
Two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical studies to assess the effects of dietary glycan monomer supplementation on the immune system, especially antibody glycosylation in healthy adults. Immune profiling and glycoproteomics will be performed on serum isolated at these same time points.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
44

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Sacramento, California, United States, 95816
        • Recruiting
        • University of California, Davis Medical Center
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Emanual Maverakis, MD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 45 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adult men/women (age 18-45) who are in general good health with Body Mass Index (BMI) range of 18.5-25

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Adults younger than 18 or older than 45 years of age
  • Women who are pregnant, actively nursing or have had a pregnancy within the last year
  • Women who are peri-menopausal or post-menopausal
  • Women with irregular menstrual cycles (more frequently than every 21 days or lasts longer than 8 days. Missed, early, or late periods are also considered signs of an irregular cycle)
  • Women on hormonal contraception, including birth control, hormonal intrauterine device, or contraceptive implant
  • Individuals with past medical history of an autoimmune condition or malignancy, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer
  • Individuals with cardiovascular, pulmonary, reproductive, endocrine, metabolic, neurologic, gastrointestinal, hematologic, or infectious diseases of any type
  • Individuals with diagnosis of galactosemia or congenital disorders of glycosylation
  • Individuals with phenylketonuria
  • Individuals currently taking prescription medications, or who have taken prescription medications within the last 3 months
  • Individuals currently taking over-the-counter medications
  • Individuals currently taking or who have taken supplements including herbal, protein or vitamin supplements in the last 3 months (e.g. whey protein, St. John's Wort, green tea supplements, biotin, creatine supplements), excluding multivitamins or essential vitamins
  • Individuals with BMI less than 18.5 or greater than 25
  • Individuals with prior history of severe food or drug allergic reactions
  • Individuals with allergic reaction or adverse reaction to shellfish, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, Spirulina/chlorella/algae supplements, or arabinose containing compounds/foods/supplements
  • Individuals with first-degree relative with history of an autoimmune condition
  • Individuals with social history of current use of tobacco, alcohol or other drugs
  • Individuals with dietary restrictions (vegetarians are permitted to participate in the study) or atypical exercise patterns, or to whom any of the following dietary habits or characteristics apply (the following exclusion criteria are placed to minimize variability in diet/exercise patterns in our pilot study population):
  • Actively dieting or trying to lose weight
  • Vegan diet
  • Consume equal to or greater than 2 cups of tea a day
  • Consume equal to or greater than 4 cups of coffee a day
  • Consume equal to or greater than 3 cups of fruit juice a day
  • Practice intensive exercise patterns (marathon training, workouts >4 hours a day)
  • Consume soda or energy drinks of any amount
  • Consume fast food equal to or greater than 5 days per week

  • Consume greater than one serving of alcohol per day

    • (1 serving of wine = 6 oz, 1 serving of beer = 12 oz, 1 serving of spirits = 1 oz)
  • On a carbohydrate-restricted or "Paleo" diet, or calorie-restricted diet (less than 20-25% of maintenance calories)
  • Adults unable to consent
  • Prisoners

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Experimental Supplement 1
6 subjects will consume 12 grams of dietary supplement 1 daily for 4 weeks
Dietary supplement: Monosaccharide Powder
Monosaccharide powder dissolved in water.
Experimental: Experimental Supplement 2
6 subjects will consume 12 grams of dietary supplement 2 daily for 4 weeks
Dietary supplement: Monosaccharide Powder
Monosaccharide powder dissolved in water.
Experimental: Experimental Supplement 3
20 subjects will consume 50 grams of dietary supplement 3 daily for 4 weeks
Dietary supplement: Monosaccharide Powder
Monosaccharide powder dissolved in water.
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Comparator 1
6 subjects will consume 12 grams of placebo dietary supplement daily for 4 weeks
Dietary supplement: Placebo Comparator
Placebo (glucose powder)
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Comparator 2
6 subjects will consume 50 grams of placebo dietary supplement daily for 4 weeks
Dietary supplement: Placebo Comparator
Placebo (glucose powder)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Characterize Immunoglobulin fragment crystallization modifications
Time Frame: 4 Weeks
Use mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing from subject blood samples to characterize site specific glycosylation on Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin M, and Immunoglobulin G.
4 Weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Assess for potential adverse events
Time Frame: 2 months after first dose
Monitor symptoms, severity, and duration of adverse events.
2 months after first dose
Quantification of enzymatic modifications measured in grams by spectrometry
Time Frame: 6 months
The investigators will measure enzymatic changes on glycoproteins in the immune system by spectrometry, i.e., these changes will be measured in grams. Spectometry will allow the investigators to quantify these changes in small detail, and therefore give a better idea of how supplementation can change enzymatic process that then affect the structure, and mass, of glycoproteins.
6 months
Flow cytometry to determine the effect of dietary supplementation on the immune system
Time Frame: 6 months
Perform flow cytometry on subject blood samples to determine the effect of dietary supplement on immune system. For example, the investigators will note changes to immune cell pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine clusters as translated proteins (measured as height and area of cytokine intensity).
6 months
Transcriptome analysis to determine the effect of dietary supplementation on the immune system
Time Frame: 6 months
Perform transcriptome analysis on subject blood samples to determine the effect of dietary supplement on immune system. For example, the investigators will note changes to immune cell pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine clusters as RNA (measure on a logarithmic scale per number of reads) to determine the effects of supplementation on both gene transcription and translation.
6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of California, Davis

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Emanual Maverakis, MD, University of California, Davis

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 23, 2022

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 22, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 22, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 1, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 1, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 10, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 28, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 26, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 949221
  • 1K24AR077313-01A1 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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