Effectiveness of Educational Intervention on Sustainable Breastfeeding: The GREEN MOTHER Project

August 4, 2026 updated by: Fundacio d'Investigacio en Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol i Gurina

Effectiveness of a Reinforcement Intervention in the Breastfeeding Practice From Nutritional, Environmental and Postpartum Problem-solving Aspects to Increase the Prevalence of Breastfeeding at 6 Months Postpartum: The GREEN MOTHER Project

Breastfeeding is the healthiest form of nutrition for the baby and is recommended to use exclusive breastfeeding (EB) until 6 months. The environmental footprint of artificial lactation (AL) has been studied, but that of EB is unknown.

Objectives:

The main objective of the first phase of the study is to identify the environmental impact in terms of the carbon footprint of breastfeeding and artificial breastfeeding, taking into account the accessories necessary for breastfeeding and of the diet and the factors associated with the diet of postpartum women in first month of life of the babies.

The main objective of the second phase is to evaluate the impact of a standardized intervention of educational programme on sustainable breastfeeding, diet and environment protection, providing inputs obtained from the first phase on the carbon footprint in the first month of life of the child and the prevalence of breastfeeding at the first month of the baby's life.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
429

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Spain
      • Sabadell, Spain
        • ASSIR Metropolitana Nord

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

16 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • pregnant women over 16 years of age, between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation

Exclusion Criteria:

  • women with a language barrier, under 16 years of age and those who do not want to participate or who do not give birth in the study associated centers

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
No Intervention: Control group
This group of pregnant women (24-32 SG) will not be provided educational programme and information on sustainlably and healthy diet and sustainable breastfeeding. It is a control group.
Experimental: Experimental group
This group of pregnant women (24-32 SG) will be provided educational programme and information on sustainlably and healthy diet and sustainable breastfeeding
Behavioral: The educational programme on sustainable and healthy diet and breastfeeding
In the interventional group the educational programme of sustainable diet and breastfeeding will be provided before the delivery to see the impact on the prevalence of the breastfeeding at 1 and 6 months after delivery (compared with the group of control, without intervention)
Other Names:
  • The role of diet, products consumption, type of cooking, energy used and breastfeeding vs. artifitial lactancy in the carbon footprint

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Rates (number of participants, %) that use breastfeeding (exclusive) up to 6 months after the delivery
Time Frame: months 30-36 of the project life
The rate of breastfeeding (exclusive) will be observed up to 6 months after the participant's baby delivery and calucalted as a percentage or fraction compared to all participants: at month of the delivery (0 month) and 1, 3 and 6 months after the delivery (giving a birth)
months 30-36 of the project life
Rates (number of participants, %) that use EB (excusive breastfeeding) in EG (experimental group) vs. CG (group of control)
Time Frame: months 30-36 of the project life
Rates (number of participants, fractions or percentages) of breasfeeding will be calculated and compared in both groups: CG (control) vs. EG (experimental).
months 30-36 of the project life

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
To calculate the CO2 footprint and water consumption of different types of mother diet and lactation (breastfeeding and artificial one) based on data obtained from the questionnaires
Time Frame: fase I) months 15-17 of the project life & phase 2) 30-36 of the project life
Calculation (with help of the external experts) of the environmental impacts on CO2 emissions (Climate change) and water consumption (Water scarcity), using the ISO 14040 and 14044, and other related ISOs impacts of a mother's daily diet and type of breastfeeding based on data obtained from questionnaires
fase I) months 15-17 of the project life & phase 2) 30-36 of the project life
Assess the nutritional quality of the diet of postpartum mothers at the month of their children's life based on data obtained from the questionnaires
Time Frame: months 22-31 of the project life
Assess the nutritional quality of the diet of postpartum mothers at the month of their newborn child's life: calculation of proportions of macro i micronutrients and comparison with standard recommendations (to see if the sustainable diet and breastfeeding is within healty standards or any supplementary of elements are required for it)
months 22-31 of the project life
Comparison of rates on breastfeeding vs. artificial lactation in the population of the Northern Metropolitan area: current study results (2022/2023 based on data obtained from the questionnaire) vs. 2017 (already published)
Time Frame: months 30-36 of the project life
Compare the results obtained for the rates on breastfeeding in the population of the Northern Metropolitana in the current study (2022/2023) with those obtained in 2017 (reported in the Lactem study) to see if any trends on dynamical changes in lactancy patterns are observed with time.
months 30-36 of the project life

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Fundacio d'Investigacio en Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol i Gurina

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol
University of Barcelona
Hospital de Granollers
Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 11, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 15, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 27, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 6, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 15, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 6, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 4, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 22/101-P

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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