Ordered Eating and Acute Exercise

July 29, 2025 updated by: Patrick Wilson, PhD, Old Dominion University

The Effect of Ordered Eating on Postprandial Glucose and Substrate Utilization During an Acute Exercise Bout

There is well documented evidence that ingesting dietary carbohydrate in large amounts tends to increase postprandial glucose. In healthy populations, this is not necessarily a problem, but continuous exposure to high levels of glucose-hyperglycemia-is a defining characteristic and risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Consuming a carbohydrate-rich food as the final food in a meal sequence has been shown to significantly reduce postprandial glucose excursions in both diabetes patients and in healthy controls. The exact mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not well understood, but one proposed course is simply that the vegetable and protein already being digested slows the rate of glucose rise.

Despite the findings, little-to-no research has examined how manipulating the order of foods in a meal impacts subsequent exercise responses. In this experimental crossover study, each participant will undergo two acute feeding conditions (carbohydrate-rich foods first vs. last in a meal), which will be followed by exercise 60 minutes later. We will observe the effects of meal order on postprandial glucose, substrate/fuel utilization, and subjective perceptions at rest and during 30 minutes of exercise.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
23

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Virginia
      • Norfolk, Virginia, United States, 23529
        • ODU Human Performance Laboratory

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Currently physically active (scheduled exercise at least three days per week for 30 minutes each time over the last three months)
  • Ability to perform moderate-to-high intensity running for at least 30 minutes

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any allergy or other condition that would prohibit the consumption of poultry, rice, or broccoli
  • Any injury or disease (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pulmonary disease except controlled asthma) precluding physical exercise
  • Currently pregnant
  • Implanted electrical devices such as a pacemaker.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Carbohydrate-first meal
Other: Carbohydrate-first meal
Rice (150 grams) eaten first, followed by broccoli (150 grams) and chicken (100 grams)
Experimental: Carbohydrate-last meal
Other: Carbohydrate-last meal
Broccoli (150 grams) and chicken (100 grams) eaten first, followed by rice (150 grams)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Postprandial glucose
Time Frame: 2 hours (premeal and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after eating)
Blood glucose will be measured with fingerstick samples and a portable glucometer
2 hours (premeal and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after eating)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Carbohydrate use
Time Frame: 100 minutes (premeal and continuously for 90 minutes after eating)
Carbohydrate utilization will be estimated from respiratory gas exchange
100 minutes (premeal and continuously for 90 minutes after eating)
Fat use
Time Frame: 100 minutes (premeal and continuously for 90 minutes after eating)
fat utilization will be estimated from respiratory gas exchange
100 minutes (premeal and continuously for 90 minutes after eating)
Hunger-satiety perceptions
Time Frame: 2 hours (Premeal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 68, 78, 88, 120 minutes after eating)
Hunger, appetite, satiety, and fullness on a 0-10 Likert scale
2 hours (Premeal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 68, 78, 88, 120 minutes after eating)
Rating of perceived exertion
Time Frame: 30 minutes (at 8, 18, 28 minutes of exercise)
Rating of effort during 30-minute exercise bout
30 minutes (at 8, 18, 28 minutes of exercise)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Old Dominion University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Patrick Wilson, Old Dominion University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 6, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 30, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 28, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 28, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 5, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 1, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 29, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 24-003

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

De-identified IPD will be shared upon reasonable request. Requests should be made to the corresponding author.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

The data will be made available upon the study's publication and will remain available for at least 5 years

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Researchers with a justified reason for wanting access to the data

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Conditions

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Dietary Supplements

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