Ordered Eating and Acute Exercise

The Effect of Ordered Eating on Postprandial Glucose and Substrate Utilization During an Acute Exercise Bout

There is well documented evidence that ingesting dietary carbohydrate in large amounts tends to increase postprandial glucose. In healthy populations, this is not necessarily a problem, but continuous exposure to high levels of glucose-hyperglycemia-is a defining characteristic and risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Consuming a carbohydrate-rich food as the final food in a meal sequence has been shown to significantly reduce postprandial glucose excursions in both diabetes patients and in healthy controls. The exact mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not well understood, but one proposed course is simply that the vegetable and protein already being digested slows the rate of glucose rise.

Despite the findings, little-to-no research has examined how manipulating the order of foods in a meal impacts subsequent exercise responses. In this experimental crossover study, each participant will undergo two acute feeding conditions (carbohydrate-rich foods first vs. last in a meal), which will be followed by exercise 60 minutes later. We will observe the effects of meal order on postprandial glucose, substrate/fuel utilization, and subjective perceptions at rest and during 30 minutes of exercise.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Hunger
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Carbohydrate-first meal; Other: Carbohydrate-last meal

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Patrick Wilson, PhD; Phone Number: 757-683-4783; Email: pbwilson@odu.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • Virginia
    • Norfolk, Virginia, United States, 23529
      • Recruiting
      • ODU Human Performance Laboratory
      • Contact: Patrick Wilson; Phone Number: 757-683-4783; Email: pbwilson@odu.edu

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Currently physically active (scheduled exercise at least three days per week for 30 minutes each time over the last three months)
• Ability to perform moderate-to-high intensity running for at least 30 minutes

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any allergy or other condition that would prohibit the consumption of poultry, rice, or broccoli
• Any injury or disease (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pulmonary disease except controlled asthma) precluding physical exercise
• Currently pregnant
• Implanted electrical devices such as a pacemaker.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Carbohydrate-first meal	Other: Carbohydrate-first meal; Rice (150 grams) eaten first, followed by broccoli (150 grams) and chicken (100 grams)
Experimental: Carbohydrate-last meal	Other: Carbohydrate-last meal; Broccoli (150 grams) and chicken (100 grams) eaten first, followed by rice (150 grams)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postprandial glucose	Blood glucose will be measured with fingerstick samples and a portable glucometer	2 hours (premeal and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after eating)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Carbohydrate use	Carbohydrate utilization will be estimated from respiratory gas exchange	100 minutes (premeal and continuously for 90 minutes after eating)
Fat use	fat utilization will be estimated from respiratory gas exchange	100 minutes (premeal and continuously for 90 minutes after eating)
Hunger-satiety perceptions	Hunger, appetite, satiety, and fullness on a 0-10 Likert scale	2 hours (Premeal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 68, 78, 88, 120 minutes after eating)
Rating of perceived exertion	Rating of effort during 30-minute exercise bout	30 minutes (at 8, 18, 28 minutes of exercise)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Old Dominion University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Patrick Wilson, Old Dominion University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 6, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): July 30, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): July 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 28, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 28, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): February 5, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 3, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 1, 2024
• Last Verified: April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Exercise; Fat metabolism; Glucose; Hunger
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Metabolic Diseases; Glucose Metabolism Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: 24-003

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: De-identified IPD will be shared upon reasonable request. Requests should be made to the corresponding author.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: The data will be made available upon the study's publication and will remain available for at least 5 years
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Researchers with a justified reason for wanting access to the data

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No