Goat or Cow Milk Based Infant Formula GMS

March 19, 2026 updated by: Kendal Nutricare Ltd

Growth Tolerance and Safety Study of Healthy Term Infants Consuming a Goat or Cow Milk Based Infant Formula

This study is a non-inferiority, decentralized, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial evaluating the growth, tolerance, and safety of a goat's-milk test infant formula (Test Formula 1; TF1) and a cow's-milk test infant formula (Test Formula 2; TF2), each compared to a cow's-milk infant formula commercially available in the United States (Control Formula; CF).

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
409

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • United States
    • New York
      • New York, New York, United States, 10001
        • ObvioHealth USA, Inc.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Healthy term infants (37 to 42 weeks gestation at birth) from a singleton birth as assessed by the investigator
  2. Infants with a birth weight of >2500 g to <4500 g
  3. Infants ≤11 days of age at enrollment; birth constitutes Day 0
  4. Parent/legal guardian who has previously decided to exclusively feed infant formula and is willing to continue with formula feeding throughout the study

Exclusion Criteria:

A participant who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in the study:

  1. Infant born with medical complications (e.g., neurological, cerebral palsy, etc.)
  2. Infant with failure to thrive, fever, any GI tract abnormalities (e.g., short gut, gastroesophageal reflux, etc.), any congenital illness or malformation that may affect infant feeding or normal growth
  3. Infant has been treated with prescription medications that in the Investigator's opinion could impact growth, gastrointestinal tolerance and/or development
  4. Infant that has received oral or parenteral antibiotics prior to enrollment

  5. Infant is taking and parent/legal guardian plans to continue (including over-the-counter medications, such as Mylicon® for gas), home remedies (such as juice for constipation), gastroesophageal reflux medications, herbal preparations, or rehydration fluids that, in the Investigator's opinion, might affect gastrointestinal tolerance. Use of the following are strongly discouraged for the duration of the trial:

    1. Solid foods and juices
    2. Vitamins and/mineral supplements, as the study product provided is nutritionally complete
    3. Pre- and probiotics
  6. Infant with family history (biological siblings or parents) of confirmed milk protein allergy (Parent's lactose intolerance is not disqualifying)
  7. Parent(s)/Legal guardian(s) intent on feeding non-study formula, breastmilk, juices, or solid food during the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Quadruple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Market leader- Competitor Cow Milk based infant formula
Intervention with Competitor product currently in market- Control.
Other: Advance Infant Formula Powder
Sole source infant nutrition for the control arm.
Experimental: Test product Cow Milk based infant formula
Intervention with Test product product - Test arm.
Other: "Kendamil Cow milk test product
Sole source infant nutrition for the cow milk test arm.
Experimental: Test product Goat Milk based infant formula
Intervention with Test product product - Test arm.
Other: "Kendamil goat milk test product
Sole source infant nutrition for the goat milk test arm.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Growth as compared against WHO growth charts
Time Frame: 16 weeks
Mean daily weight gain for infants fed TF1 and infants fed TF2, each compared to infants fed CF, from baseline through to Week 16
16 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Safety
Time Frame: 16 weeks
Adverse Events reported over the 16-week study period (+4 days) for all groups
16 weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Tolerability- Monitoring of stool consistency
Time Frame: 16 weeks
• Stool characteristics (using BITSS) at baseline, and Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16
16 weeks
Tolerability - fussiness
Time Frame: 16 weeks
• Formula tolerance (using IGSQ) at baseline, and Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16
16 weeks
Mean Daily Recumbent Length Gain
Time Frame: 16 weeks

Change from baseline through to Week 16 for infants fed TF1, infants fed TF2, and infants fed CF in:

o mean daily recumbent length gain
16 weeks
Mean Daily Head Circumference Gain
Time Frame: 16 weeks

Change from baseline through to Week 16 for infants fed TF1, infants fed TF2, and infants fed CF in:

o mean daily head circumference gain
16 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Kendal Nutricare Ltd

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
ObvioHealth

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Allan Soo, MD, FAPCR ObvioHealth USA, Inc.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 14, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 15, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 15, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 4, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 12, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 15, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 24, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 19, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • KNC-GMS-002

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Information to be shared with regulatory agencies.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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