Combination of Neurostimulation and Psychotherapy to Stop Worrying

March 11, 2026 updated by: University Hospital, Ghent

Stop Worrying, Learn to Let go Through a Combination of Neurostimulation and Psychotherapy

This study aims to investigate whether the combination of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is more effective for treating repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in patients with the symptom of high rumination. High ruminators will be included (Group1, active tDCS-CBT group; Group2, sham tDCS-CBT group). All patients will receive active or sham tDCS.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

A psychoeducational CBT-based group intervention called 'Drop It' specifically for the treatment of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), which has been proved to be effective in reducing RNT. tDCS is one of the emerging non-invasive brain stimulations techniques that can also be used to alter RNT. Our aim is to explore the therapeutic effect of this combination.

The study consists of 2 stages. In the first stage the participants will come to the university hospital for 7 weeks CBT sessions (the Drop It intervention), with one session per week. After each CBT session, both groups will receive sham or active tDCS. Stimulation will be applied for 30 min after the CBT session.

In the second stage, after the 7th weekly CBT session, participants will take the devices home to apply daily home-based tDCS stimulations for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, participants will return to the university hospital for the final CBT session.

Neuroimaging: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) scan will be used to measure electrical activity and cortical hemodynamic activity in the brain. Both of these methods are non-invasive neuroimaging techniques which are done by placing electrodes on the scalp to pick up the signals produced by the brain.

EEG and fNIRS scans will be performed at baseline and after 3 months therapy.

To examine the effect of the worry course combined with tDCS on thinking and acting, the investigators will ask the participants to complete various questionnaires that assess the nature and extent of worry, the presence of depressive complaints, the presence of anxiety problems and the extent of quality of life as experienced by the participants. Participants will also be evaluated by a psychiatrist from the service. This evaluation will take place at baseline, just after the end of the Drop It course and after a 3-month follow-up. Two questionnaires will also be used after each session to measure the state rumination following the combination therapy of CBT and tDCS.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
85

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Belgium
    • East-Flanders
      • Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium, 9000
        • Recruiting
        • University Hospital Ghent
        • Contact:
          • Chris Baeken, Prof.
        • Contact:
          • Josefien Dedoncker, M.Sc.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
  • Depressive disorder

Exclusion Criteria:

  • other psychiatric pathology than GAD or depression screened by senior psychiatrist by means of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and psychiatric anamnesis
  • Abuse of alcohol, drugs or medication other than prescribed by general practitioner or psychiatrist
  • no consent to participate in measurement (questionnaire, fNIRS or EEG)
  • Insufficient knowledge of the current language (Dutch)
  • Acute or chronic suicidality
  • Acute psychosis or manic depressive disorder
  • Inability to commit to 8 sessions of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or receive 4 weeks of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Active tDCS group
Patients will receive active tDCS during the therapy.
Device: Active tDCS
During the whole therapy period, active tDCS group will receive active tDCS after CBT. They also receive active home-based tDCS.
Sham Comparator: Sham tDCS group
Patients will receive sham tDCS during the therapy.
Device: Sham tDCS
The sham tDCS group will receive sham tDCS after CBT. They also receive sham home-based tDCS.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
the therapeutic effect of the combination therapy for repetitive negative thinking
Time Frame: Baseline, up to 7 weeks' therapy and up to 3 months' therapy
Questionnaires including the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ, range 16-80), the Leuven adaptation of the rumination on sadness Scale (LARSS, range 21-105) , and the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS, range 22-88) will be used to measure the alteration of repetitive negative thinking. Higher scores suggest a higher level of worry or rumination. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and other related questionnaires will also be included.
Baseline, up to 7 weeks' therapy and up to 3 months' therapy
the consolidation effect of tDCS on CBT
Time Frame: up to 7 weeks' therapy and up to 3 months' therapy
The Self-Critical Rumination scale (SCRS, range 0-40) and the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ, range 0-60) will be measures after each session (8 sessions in total). Higher scores suggest a higher level of self-critical ruminative thoughts or repetitive negative thinking.
up to 7 weeks' therapy and up to 3 months' therapy

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change of neuroimaging data
Time Frame: Baseline and up to 3 months' therapy
The alteration of brain activity when performing cognitive task measured by EEG and emotional regulation task measured by fNIRS.
Baseline and up to 3 months' therapy

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University Hospital, Ghent

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Chris Baeken, University Ghent

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 6, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 26, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 20, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 22, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 12, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 17, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 12, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 11, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • ONZ-2023-0460

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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