Technological-based Personalized Care Intervention for Supporting Older People With Diabetes Mellitus

September 9, 2025 updated by: Dr Queenie Law Pui Sze, Hong Kong Metropolitan University

The objectives of this project are (1) to develop a new model of DM management using non-invasive healthcare technology for continuous glucose monitoring; (2) to use health apps to give timely personalized care intervention for enhancing compliance rate of DM self-management; & (3) to compare the DM management using non-invasive healthcare technology to traditional invasive blood glucose monitoring method.

The proposed study will adopt a RCT with two treatment arms to clarify the effects of non-invasive blood glucose device on blood glucose monitoring. The two arms will be the non-invasive blood glucose monitoring (arm 1) and traditional self-monitoring (arm 2) as a control. A block randomisation and a single-blind design will be used. The inclusion criteria are (1) aged ≥ 60 years old; (2) patients diagnosed with Type II DM; (3) patients experienced hypo (histix < 4.0 mmol/L) or hyperglycemia (histix ≥16.0 mmol/L); & (iv) the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) ≥ 6.

Participants fitting the inclusion criteria will be selected by convenience sampling. They will join a two-arm RCT and will be allocated into the intervention or control group in a 1:1 ratio.

The primary outcomes will be the point of care test (POCT) of HbA1C level and the secondary outcomes will be the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure, basic anthropometric measurement, breath and blood ketone and Diabetes Self-Care activities questionnaire. The outcome measurements will be recorded before the intervention (T0) and immediately after the 8-week intervention (T1).

The required sample size would be 30 participants per group (with a ratio of 1:1) for testing the feasibility of the study.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Research aim

1. This study will aim to develop a new model of DM management using non- invasive healthcare technology for continuous glucose monitoring.

2 To use health apps to give timely personalized care intervention for enhancing compliance rate of DM self-management. 3. To compare the DM management using non-invasive healthcare technology to traditional invasive blood glucose monitoring method. 4. To improve self-management skills, decrease hospital admissions, and save medical.

Our DM project integrates personalized care intervention with a non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device for diabetes patients. The use of mHealth (Mobile health) ensures timely care without time or location constraints, while Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention (JITAI) provides instant, personalized support. The painless, non-invasive CGM device offers an alternative to traditional finger-prick methods, improving compliance with self-management. This approach is particularly beneficial for patients who struggle with conventional monitoring and aims to enhance both patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency, especially for older people at high risk of hypo- or hyperglycemia.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Hong Kong
      • Hong Kong, Hong Kong
        • LEI FOOK Neighbourhood Elderly Centre

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. aged ≥ 60 years old;
  2. patients diagnosed with Type II DM without insulin injections;

  3. patients experienced hypo (histix < 4.0 mmol/L) or hyperglycemia (histix

    • 16.0 mmol/L); &

2. The Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) ≥ 6.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. patient on dialysis;
  2. taking ascorbic acid > 500mg daily or (Not recommended by manufacturer as result may be affected);
  3. taking salicylic acid ≥ 650mg single dose or (Not recommended by manufacturer as result may be affected); or
  4. scheduled radiological therapy during CGM application (Not recommended by manufacturer as result may be affected).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Non invasive blood glucose monitoring group
Non invasive blood glucose monitoring : Participants will use a non-invasive sensor on the arm for blood glucose monitoring during the first and second weeks, as well as the seventh and eighth weeks. Between the third and sixth weeks, participants will be asked to monitor their blood glucose levels at home using traditional methods.
Behavioral: Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring

Non-invasive wearable glucose monitoring device for capturing participants' blood glucose.

The intervention will include:

  1. Training for self-management of diabetes and phone consultation.
  2. Follow-up through phone calls or WhatsApp for hypoglycaemic or hyperglycaemic events.
  3. Personalized care guided by sensor data.

The Investigator will monitor the health data from the device regularly. A mobile app will track and record compliance with blood glucose monitoring.
Active Comparator: Traditional blood glucose monitoring
Traditional blood glucose monitoring : Participants will engage in traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose at home over the course of 8 weeks. They are recommended to check their blood glucose levels one to two times per week and record all results. This will allow for the collection of data using traditional monitoring methods.
Behavioral: Traditional blood glucose monitoring

Traditional blood glucose monitoring

Participants will engage in traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose at home over the course of 8 weeks. They are recommended to check their blood glucose levels one to two times per week and record all results. This will allow for the collection of data using traditional monitoring methods.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The point of care test (POCT) of HbA1C level
Time Frame: 8 weeks
Change in HbA1C level The HbA1C will be measured by A1CNow system.
8 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in lipid and glucose panel
Time Frame: 8 weeks
Change in lipid and glucose panel measured by CardioChek
8 weeks
Change in basic anthropometric measurement
Time Frame: 8 weeks

Change in basic anthropometric measurement:

  1. Height will be measured in meters using a tape measure.
  2. Weight will be measured in kilograms using a scale.
  3. Weight and height will be combined to report Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m^2
8 weeks
Change in blood pressure
Time Frame: 8 weeks

Change in blood pressure:

Measured using Omron M7 blood pressure monitors to assess brachial blood pressure
8 weeks
Change in breath and blood ketone
Time Frame: 8 weeks

Change in breath and blood ketone:

Used to detect ketones in the breath and blood, indicating hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis in individuals with diabetes
8 weeks
Change in Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) Chinese Version
Time Frame: 8 weeks

Change in Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) Chinese Version:

Used to assess participants' diabetes self-care activities.
8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Hong Kong Metropolitan University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 10, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 10, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 12, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 16, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 20, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 11, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 9, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • HE-RD/2023/1.11

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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