Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Soccer Players: (PAPEsoccer)

March 8, 2025 updated by: Neslihan AKÇAY, Karabuk University

Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Soccer Players: the Effect of Different Contraction and Rest Periods on Changing Direction Ability

This study will be conducted in a randomised, crossover design. Soccer players will participate in two test sessions 48 hours apart. The athletes will be pre-tested in the professional direction change test and after the PAPE protocol of the group they are included in is applied, they will be taken to the professional direction change test at 15th second, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th minutes.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study will be conducted in a randomised, crossover design. Subjects will participate in two test sessions 48 hours apart. To eliminate the effect of fatigue, participants will be warned not to engage in intense physical activity before the study days and to pay attention to adequate carbohydrate intake so that repeated sprint performance will not be affected. On the 1st day of the study, after the participants were informed about the study, their heights will be recorded with a height meter, and their weights and body fat percentages will be taken with the Inbody 270 device. After the descriptive characteristics of all participants are obtained, the warm-up protocol will be applied and 1 RM will be determined and recorded by performing knee extension movement on the Knee Extension device. On the second day of the study, all athletes will be pre-tested in the professional change of direction test and will be taken to the professional change of direction test at 15 seconds, 3 minutes, 6 minutes, 9 minutes and 12 minutes after the PAPE protocol of the group they are included in is applied. On the third day of the study, the pre-tests of all athletes in the professional direction change test will be taken again and they will be taken to the professional direction change test at 15 seconds, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th minutes after the PAPE protocol of the group they are included in is applied. Participants will be asked to stop eating 1.5 hours before the measurement time. Athletes will be allowed to drink water (500ml) during the test and will be verbally motivated during the professional change of direction test.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
25

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Karabük, Turkey, 78200
        • Karabuk University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being healthy
  • Male soccer players
  • Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Under 18 years of age
  • Having a chronic disease
  • Contraindications for exercise

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Dynamic PAPE
In this protocol, the load determined for footballers during knee extension will be applied as 90% of their one repetition maximum (1TM). After the standard warm-up session at the beginning, the protocol will be performed by performing 1 set of 3 repetitions with the previously determined 1TM 90% load without resting between repetitions.
Other: Dynamic PAPE
In this protocol, the load determined for footballers during knee extension will be applied as 90% of their one repetition maximum (1TM). After a standard warm-up session at the beginning, the protocol will be performed by performing 1 set of 3 repetitions with the previously determined 1TM 90% load without resting between repetitions. Isometric knee extension exercise will be used in the protocol. The movement will be performed sitting, in a position suitable for limb lengths and in a controlled manner using a leg extension machine. At the beginning of the movement, the knees will be flexed 90° and the adjustable lever arm of the machine will be fixed at this angle. Then they will be asked to perform bilateral isometric knee extension until the knees form a 180° angle. They will also be verbally motivated to complete the knee extension exercise.
Experimental: Isometric PAPE
Isometric contraction will be used in the protocol. On the leg extension machine, the protocol will be performed by applying 3 sets of 3 seconds against only the lever arm with 1TM 90% load, 2 minutes rest will be applied between sets.
Other: Isometric PAPE
Isometric contraction will be used in the protocol. On the leg extension machine, the protocol will be performed by applying 3 sets of 3 seconds against the lever arm only with 1TM 90% load, 2 minutes rest will be applied between sets. Isometric knee extension exercise will be used in the protocol. The movement will be performed sitting, in a position suitable for limb lengths and in a controlled manner using a leg extension machine. At the beginning of the movement, the knees will be flexed 90° and the adjustable lever arm of the machine will be fixed at this angle. Then they will be asked to perform bilateral isometric knee extension until the knees form a 180° angle. They will also be verbally motivated to complete the knee extension exercise.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Significant difference in dynamic condition
Time Frame: From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks
It is expected that there will be a significant difference in the rate of change of direction during different rest periods in the dynamic contraction condition compared to the isometric contraction condition
From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks
Significant difference in isometric condition
Time Frame: From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks
It is expected that there would be a significant difference in the rate of direction change during different rest periods in the isometric contraction condition compared to the dynamic contraction condition.
From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks
The time between the conditions is different
Time Frame: From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks.
Compared to the first measurement, a change in the rate of directional change in conditions is expected.
From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks.

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Anthropometric Measurements 3
Time Frame: Baseline
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) will asses by Inbody 270 (Biospace, California, USA).
Baseline
Anthropometric Measurements 4
Time Frame: Baseline
Body fat percentage (%) will asses by Inbody 270 (Biospace, California, USA).
Baseline
Anthropometric Measurements 1
Time Frame: Baseline
Participants' height (cm) will assess by using a stadiometer (Holtain Stadiometer, England)
Baseline
Anthropometric Measurements 2
Time Frame: Baseline
Body weight (kg) will asses by Inbody 270 (Biospace, California, USA).
Baseline
Knee Extension 1Repetition maximum Test
Time Frame: Baseline
The 1RM of the soccer players will be performed on the leg extension device. The warm-up will be followed by a standard warm-up set of five repetitions with 50% of their estimated 1RM. Following this, participants will complete a preparation phase of 1-2 sets of 2-3 repetitions with a load corresponding to approximately 60-80% of their estimated 1RM.
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Karabuk University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Neslihan Akçay, Karabuk University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 20, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 15, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 25, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 8, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 8, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 8, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • UKarabuk-3

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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