Separate and Combined Extrapancreatic Effects of GIP and GLP-1 (GA-19b)

September 8, 2025 updated by: Asger Lund, MD, University Hospital, Gentofte, Copenhagen

Separate and Combined Extrapancreatic Effects of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)

The two gut-derived hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are secreted from intestinal cells in relation to a meal and increase insulin secretion from the pancreas. The hormones also exert effects outside the pancreas, but especially for GIP, these are poorly investigated. Because of this, only GLP-1 based drugs (GLP-1 receptor agonists) are on the market for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Nonetheless, a new drug is in clinical development: a combined GIP-GLP-1-receptor agonist (tirzepatide), which has shown better results than GLP-1 alone. The mechanism behind these impressive effects are unknown and in this study, the investigators will look into the exptrapancreatic effects of GIP and GLP-1, separate and combined and thus elucidate the mechanisms of action of this new drug class.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
12

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Denmark
      • Hellerup, Denmark, 2900
        • Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Total pancreatectomy
  • Caucasians between 30-75 years of age
  • Blood haemoglobin >7.0 mmol/l for males and >6.5 mmol/l for females

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pancreatectomy within the last 3 months
  • Ongoing chemotherapy or chemotherapy within the last 3 months
  • Treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists within the last 3 months
  • Renal impairment (estimated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) and/or albuminuria
  • Calcium related disease, hypo-/hyperthyroidism
  • Known significant liver disease, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥3 × normal value or INR (The international normalised ratio based on prothrombin time) outside the normal range
  • Severe arteriosclerotic heart disease or heart failure (New York Heart Association (NYHA) group III or IV)
  • Pregnancy and/or breastfeeding
  • Use of more than 14 units of alcohol per week or abuse of narcotics
  • Any condition that the investigator feels would interfere with trial participation

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: GIP
Intravenous infusion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Saline
Experimental: GLP-1
Intravenous infusion of glucagon-like peptide 1
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Saline
Experimental: GIP + GLP-1
Intravenous infusion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Saline
Placebo Comparator: Saline
Intravenous infusion of saline
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Other: Intravenous Infusion
Saline

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Plasma glucose
Time Frame: Up to two months
Changes in plasma levels of glucose between interventions assessed through frequently blood sampling during the experimental days
Up to two months
Plasma glucagon
Time Frame: Up to two months
Changes in plasma levels of glucagon (gut-derived) between interventions assessed through frequently blood sampling during the experimental days
Up to two months
Plasma Insulin/C-peptide
Time Frame: Up to two months
Changes in plasma levels of insulin/C-peptide between interventions assessed through frequently blood sampling during the experimental days
Up to two months
Plasma triglycerides
Time Frame: Up to two months
Changes in plasma triglycerides between interventions assessed through frequently blood sampling during the experimental days
Up to two months
Plasma CTX
Time Frame: Up to two months
Changes in CTX between interventions assessed through frequently blood sampling during the experimental days
Up to two months
Plasma PINP
Time Frame: Up to two months
Changes in plasma PINP between interventions assessed through frequently blood sampling during the experimental days
Up to two months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University Hospital, Gentofte, Copenhagen

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 19, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 14, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 14, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 17, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 25, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 26, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 9, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 8, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 101292 (H-21035117)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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