Stable Versus Unstable Resistance Training Effects on Physical Fitness and Physiological Biomarkers of Untrained Male University Students

January 11, 2026 updated by: Cherinet Zewdie Zemela, Addis Ababa University

Comparative Effects of Stable Versus Unstable Resistance Training on Lipid Profile Selected Physical Fitness and Renal Biomarkers of Untrained Male University Students

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn the effects of stable and unstable resistance training on physical fitness, kidney function and blood lipid tests in healthy young male volunteers. The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Do both stable and unstable resistance training increase the level of urinary protein clearance greater than the control group?
  • What is the difference in improvement of lipid profiles among the groups?
  • Does unstable resistance training mode rise muscular endurance greater than stable resistance training?

Researchers will compare stable and unstable resistance training to see if there are differences on physical fitness measures, blood lipid and urinary protein tests.

Participants, in their respective group will receive ten weeks of:

  • Stable resistance training
  • Unstable resistance training or
  • No exercise training intervention

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study included volunteer male untrained students living at Kotebe University of Education. Priori statistical power analysis (G*Power version 3.1.9.2, Stuttgart, Germany) was used to estimate the sample size. Based on earlier research, a moderate to high effect size (0.295) was assumed, and considering a dropout probability of 10%, a sample of 54 participants was enough to meet adequate statistical power. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study. The training protocol will include ten resistance exercises for each intervention, performed three times a week for 10 weeks. Each session lasts 60 minutes, including a 10 to 15-minute warm-up, a 40-minute main exercise targeting core, upper, and lower limb muscles, and a 5 to 10-minute cool-down and stretching. The protocol will adhere to basic training principles like overload, progression, and specificity. The training will take place in the university gymnasium. The study will be conducted in accordance with local legislation and institutional requirements. It will be strictly governed by the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
54

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Ethiopia
    • Yeka Sub City
      • Addis Ababa, Yeka Sub City, Ethiopia
        • Kotebe University of Education

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • No resistance training within the previous six months
  • Completing a written informed consent document
  • Responding to the physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) and becoming convenient

Exclusion Criteria:

  • A history of musculoskeletal injury
  • Chronic diseases, including known kidney disease
  • A habit of alcohol or drug abuse

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Unstable resistance training group
Receiving total body resistance exercise (TRX) training intervention
Other: resistance training
stable resistance training is represented by traditional resistance training using equipment like medicine ball, resistance machine and own body mass
Other: resistance training
TRX based resistance training for the upper, lower and abdominal region muscles
No Intervention: Control group
no any structured exercise training intervention
Experimental: stable resistance training group
receiving traditional resistance training intervention
Other: resistance training
stable resistance training is represented by traditional resistance training using equipment like medicine ball, resistance machine and own body mass
Other: resistance training
TRX based resistance training for the upper, lower and abdominal region muscles

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Urinary Albumin
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training interventions
  • It will be measured using random urine samples in milligrams per liter
  • The minimum value is 0, the maximum is 20
  • A higher score means a worse outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training interventions
Urinary Creatinine
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
  • It will be measured using random urine samples in millimoles per liter
  • The minimum value is 3, the maximum is 25.
  • A higher score means a better outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training interventions
  • Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio is computed by dividing the obtained urinary albumin by urinary creatinine
  • It is measured in milligrams per millimole
  • The minimum value is 0, the maximum is 3
  • A high score means a worse outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training interventions
Serum Creatinine
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training intervention
  • It is measured using a fasting blood sample in micromoles per liter
  • The minimum value is 50, the maximum is 110
  • A higher score means a worse outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training intervention
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training interventions
  • Estimated glomerular filtration rate is computed using a serum creatinine-based equation
  • The scores are reported in milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meters
  • The minimum value is 90, the maximum is 130
  • A higher score means a better renal function
At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training interventions
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
  • It is measured using a fasting blood sample tests in millimoles per liter
  • The minimum value is 1, the maximum is greater than or equal to 2
  • A higher score means a protective and better outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
Low-Density Llipoprotein Cholesterol
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
  • It is measured using a fasting blood sample in millimoles per liter
  • The minimum value is 0, the maximum is 2.6
  • A higher score means a worse outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
Total Cholesterol
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
  • It is measured using a fasting blood sample test in millimoles per liter
  • The minimum score is 0, the maximum is 5.2
  • A higher score means a worse outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
Triglycerides
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
  • Triglycerides are measured using a fasting blood sample test in millimoles per liter
  • The minimum value is 0, the maximum is 1.7
  • A higher score means a worse outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
Hand Grip Strength
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
  • Hand grip strength test will be used to measure muscular strength
  • It is measured in kilograms
  • The minimum value is 27, the maximum is 56
  • A higher score means a better outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
Muscular Endurance
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
  • Push-up and sit-up tests will be used to measure muscular endurance
  • The number of repetitions is a unit for both tests
  • The minimum score for push-up is 20, the maximum is 40
  • The minimum value for sit-up is 25, the maximum is 45
  • A higher score means a better outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
Core Endurance
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
  • The McGill core endurance test will be conducted and reported in seconds
  • The minimum value is 45, the maximum is 120
  • A higher score means a better outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
Flexibility
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
  • Sit and reach test will be conducted and reported in centimeters
  • The minimum value is 20, and the maximum is 35
  • A higher score means a better outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
Body Fat Percentage
Time Frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
  • It will be estimated using 3 site skin fold measures in millimeters
  • Body density will be calculated by the Jackson & Pollock equation
  • The obtained density is converted into body fat percentage using the Sir equation
  • The minimum value is 10, the maximum is 22
  • A higher score means aworse outcome
At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Addis Ababa University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Aschenaki T Tessema, Ph.D., Addis Ababa University
  • Principal Investigator: Cherinet Z Zemela, MSc, Kotebe University of Education
  • Study Chair: Zeru B Tola, Ph.D., Addis Ababa University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 12, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
February 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 30, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 11, 2026

First Posted (Estimated)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 16, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 16, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 11, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • CNS-IRB/05/2015/2023

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

After publication on journals, I will share all individual participant data that underlie results in a publication

IPD Sharing Time Frame

beginning one year after publication and ending 2 years after the publication

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

data will be shared with reasonable request from any researcher who brings proposed analysis.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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