Effects of a SVT on Agility and Reactive Agility in Adolescent Male Basketball Players

February 6, 2026 updated by: Birgül Dıngırdan, Hacettepe University

Effects of a Six-Week Stroboscopic Training Program on Agility and Reactive Agility in Adolescent Male Basketball Players: A Pilot Study

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of a stroboscopic training intervention on reactive agility and agility speed in basketball players, using identical movement patterns, and to evaluate perceptual-cognitive indices derived from the relationship between agility and reactive agility performance. This study hypothesized that stroboscopic visual training would significantly improve reactive agility and agility performance in adolescent male basketball players.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

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Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of a stroboscopic training intervention on reactive agility and agility speed in basketball players, using identical movement patterns, and to evaluate perceptual-cognitive indices derived from the relationship between agility and reactive agility performance. This study hypothesized that stroboscopic visual training would significantly improve reactive agility and agility performance in adolescent male basketball players. This study was designed as a single-blind randomized controlled trial, with the statistician blinded during the data analysis. This study was conducted at Kocaeli İzmitspor and Bulls Basketball Sports Clubs. As the study population consisted of adolescent athletes, written informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians. Prior to data collection, all participants were informed about the purpose and procedures of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences. Confidentiality and anonymity of the participants were assured, and it was stated that all data would be used exclusively for scientific purposes. Inclusion criteria: Male basketball players aged 14-18 years who had at least one year of basketball experience and trained a minimum of two days per week.

Exclusion criteria: Athletes who did not consent to participate in the study; those with a history of upper or lower extremity surgery within the past year; those who had sustained any musculoskeletal injury to the upper or lower extremities within the last month; and individuals with a history of neurological disorders, epilepsy, or a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Participants were randomly allocated to either the stroboscopic visual exercise group (SVT, n = 5) or the control group (CON, n = 5) using a computer-generated randomization list. The SVT group performed basketball-specific neuromuscular warm-up exercises combined with stroboscopic glasses (Senaptec Strobe, Beaverton, ABD) at a duty cycle of 100 ms clear/150 ms opaque twice per week, whereas the CON group completed the identical neuromuscular warm-up exercise protocol under normal visual conditions without visual perturbation.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
10

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Yeni Mahalle
      • Sakarya, Yeni Mahalle, Turkey (Türkiye), 54400
        • Birgul Dingirdan Gultekinler

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male basketball players aged 14-18 years who had at least one year of basketball experience and trained a minimum of two days per week.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Athletes who did not consent to participate in the study; those with a history of upper or lower extremity surgery within the past year; those who had sustained any musculoskeletal injury to the upper or lower extremities within the last month; and individuals with a history of neurological disorders, epilepsy, or a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Stroboscopic visual training group (SVT)
The SVT group performed basketball-specific neuromuscular warm-up exercises combined with stroboscopic glasses (Senaptec Strobe, Beaverton, ABD) at a duty cycle of 100 ms clear/150 ms opaque twice per week. Specifically, stroboscopic eyewear alternates between transparent and opaque phases at adjustable frequencies, thereby restricting the amount and continuity of visual information available to the athlete. This controlled visual disruption is thought to activate neural networks involved in visual and cognitive processing, compelling athletes to perceive, decide, and respond under conditions of reduced or intermittent visual input.
Other: Neuromuscular exercise training with stroboscopic glassess
The SVT group performed basketball-specific neuromuscular warm-up exercises combined with stroboscopic glasses (Senaptec Strobe, Beaverton, ABD) at a duty cycle of 100 ms clear/150 ms opaque twice per week, whereas the control group completed the identical neuromuscular warm-up exercise protocol under normal visual conditions without visual perturbation. Specifically, stroboscopic eyewear alternates between transparent and opaque phases at adjustable frequencies, thereby restricting the amount and continuity of visual information available to the athlete. This controlled visual disruption is thought to activate neural networks involved in visual and cognitive processing, compelling athletes to perceive, decide, and respond under conditions of reduced or intermittent visual input.
Other: Control group
Control group completed the identical neuromuscular warm-up exercise protocol under normal visual conditions without visual perturbation.
Other: Control group
The control group completed the identical neuromuscular warm-up exercise protocol under normal visual conditions without visual perturbation.
Other Names:
  • Neuromuscular exercise training with normal visual conditions

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Reactive agility
Time Frame: Before the exercise program, after the exercise program and 4 weeks after
Reactive agility performance was assessed using the Y-shaped agility test. The Y-shaped agility test was administered using a Witty photocell gate. The 45° angle between the midpoint of the trigger gate and the midpoints of the target gates was determined using a goniometer, and the photoelectric cells were positioned on the inner sides of the gates. Participants began the test 30 cm behind the start line and sprinted maximally through the first two gates. Immediately after completing the 5-m linear sprint by passing through the first two gates, a visual stimulus appeared on the computer screen positioned in front of the athletes. When the letter "A" was displayed, the athletes were instructed to sprint toward the cone labeled A, whereas when the letter "B" appeared, they were required to sprint toward the cone labeled B as quickly as possible. The fastest time obtained from the three trials was used for the statistical analysis.
Before the exercise program, after the exercise program and 4 weeks after
Agility
Time Frame: Before the exercise program, after the exercise program and 4 weeks after
Agility performance was also assessed using the Y-shaped agility test. Prior to each trial, the athletes were informed of the direction of the turn. They were instructed to perform the change-of-direction task, which involved an approximately 45° directional change, as quickly as possible. In addition, athletes were instructed not to initiate the change of direction before passing through the trigger gate. Three trials were completed for each direction (left and right), and the fastest trial for each direction was included in the analysis.
Before the exercise program, after the exercise program and 4 weeks after

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
REAC-INDEX
Time Frame: Before the exercise program, after the exercise program and 4 weeks after

The REAC-INDEX, calculated as the difference between reactive agility and agility speed, was used as an indirect indicator (proxy) of perceptual-cognitive load during reactive agility performance.

REAC- INDEX (ms)= RA (ms)- A (ms)
Before the exercise program, after the exercise program and 4 weeks after

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Hacettepe University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 10, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 2, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 6, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 6, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • SUBU 4
  • 29.12.2025/ 2025.12.20 (Other Identifier: Ethics Committee for Non-Interventional Clinical Research Publications, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University)

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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