Online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask Method in Falls Education for Nursing Students

February 17, 2026 updated by: Zeliha CENGİZ, Inonu University

The Effect of the Online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask Learning Method on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding Patient Falls

This randomized controlled study will evaluate the effectiveness of an online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask (WSQA) learning method on nursing students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors related to patient fall prevention and management. Sixty-six nursing students will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Both groups will receive standard patient safety education, while the intervention group will additionally participate in an online, evidence-based fall prevention training program structured according to the WSQA method, including video-based learning, summarization, question generation, and interactive discussions. Outcomes will be assessed using validated instruments measuring fall management knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes toward fall prevention, care planning performance, and student satisfaction. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of an innovative educational approach to improve fall prevention competencies and enhance the quality and safety of nursing care.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an online fall prevention training program, developed based on the Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask instructional strategy, on the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors of fourth-year undergraduate nursing students. This evaluation will be conducted using the four levels of the Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Evaluation Model, and it aims to comprehensively determine both the learning outcomes of the training and its reflection on clinical practice.

Type of Research This research will be conducted using a randomized controlled experimental design. Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups using the block randomization method.

Location and Time of the Study The study will be conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, İnönü University, between February and June 2026.

Participants/Sample The study population will consist of fourth-year undergraduate nursing participants enrolled in the Nursing Internship Course at the Faculty of Nursing, İnönü University, during the 2025-2026 academic year. Power analysis indicated a minimum sample size of 56 participants; however, considering potential attrition, a total of 66 participants will be recruited. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be assigned to the experimental and control groups using a block randomization method. Each group will include 33 participants (Experimental Group = 33; Control Group = 33).

Method / Intervention Participants in both groups will receive the standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. In addition, participants in the experimental group will receive an evidence-based fall prevention training delivered through an online learning model structured according to the Watch-Summarize-Question (WSQ) teaching strategy. The intervention will include video-based learning, structured summarization activities, question generation, and interactive online discussion sessions to reinforce learning and promote active participation. The control group will continue with the standard curriculum without receiving the WSQ-based training. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated measurement tools assessing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavioral outcomes related to fall management.

Data Collection Tools Participant Information Form: Participants' demographic characteristics, educational background, and access to technological resources required for participation in online learning platforms.

Satisfaction with E-Learning Scale (Turkish version: E-Derslere Yönelik Memnuniyet Ölçeği): The scale consists of 35 items and five subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert-type scale scored between 1 and 5.

Falls Management Knowledge Test: This test will be developed by the researcher based on a literature review to assess participants' knowledge levels on falls management and to evaluate the effectiveness of the education on the patient safety knowledge subdimension Scales for Assessing Self-Efficacy: The scale consists of 11 items prepared in a 6-point Likert-type format.

Attitudes of Nurses Toward Falls Prevention Scale (Turkish version: Hemşirelerin Düşmelerin Önlenmesine Yönelik Tutumları Ölçeği): The scale consists of 19 items and 5 subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert scale scored between 1 and 5.

Care Plan Evaluation Form: A structured seven-item assessment form developed by the researchers will be used to determine the extent to which students reflect their knowledge and awareness of fall management in their care plans.

Expected Results/Significance The study is expected to determine the effectiveness of the online fall prevention education developed based on the WSQ learning strategy in improving nursing students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors regarding fall management. The findings are anticipated to support the integration of structured, evidence-based online teaching methods into nursing education, enhance patient safety awareness, strengthen clinical decision-making skills, and contribute to the quality of nursing care

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
66

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

  • Name: Gözde Küçükkarakurt, Phd student
  • Phone Number: +9(422)3413825 +905355272070
  • Email: gozde_sayar@hotmail.com

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Malatya, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Inonu University Faculty of Nursing
        • Contact:
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Gözde Küçükkarakurt, PhD student

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Volunteers from the 4th year students of the Nursing Faculty at İnönü University

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Graduates of high school, associate's degree, or bachelor's degree programs in a health-related field
  • Students who have enrolled in the 4th grade for the second time
  • Students who do not have the technical means to access the online education platform
  • Students who wish to withdraw from the research at any stage
  • Students who do not participate in the training sessions
  • Students who do not complete the data collection forms

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Experimental Group
Participants in the experimental arm will receive the standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum through face-to-face instruction. In addition, they will participate in the Watch-Summarize-Question (WSQ)-based online fall prevention education. The WSQ program will include watching educational videos, summarizing course content, generating questions, participating in interactive online discussion sessions, and engaging in peer interaction through an online discussion forum.
Behavioral: Online Watch Summarize Question Learning Model
The intervention consists of a structured online fall prevention education program based on the WSQ instructional strategy. Unlike traditional lecture-based education, this intervention integrates active learning components including video-based instruction, structured summarization tasks, student-generated question development, synchronous interactive discussion sessions, and peer-supported learning through an online discussion forum. The program is delivered through a distance education platform and is designed to promote reflective learning, cognitive engagement, and collaborative knowledge construction. The WSQ model ensures that participants actively process educational content rather than passively receiving information. The intervention is implemented in addition to the standard undergraduate patient safety curriculum and is specifically tailored to improve nursing students' competencies in fall risk assessment and fall prevention management.
No Intervention: Control Group
Participants in the control arm will receive only the standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum through face-to-face instruction and will not receive any additional educational intervention during the study period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Participant Information Form
Time Frame: at baseline
Participants' demographic characteristics, educational background, and access to technological resources required for participation in online learning platforms.
at baseline
Satisfaction with E-Learning Scale (Turkish version: E-Derslere Yönelik Memnuniyet Ölçeği)
Time Frame: Immediately after completion of the intervention
The scale developed by Kolburan Geçer and Deveci Topal aims to determine university students' satisfaction levels with the online courses they attend. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.97. The scale consists of 35 items and 5 subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert-type scale scored between 1 and 5.
Immediately after completion of the intervention
Falls Management Knowledge Test
Time Frame: At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training
This test will be developed by the researcher based on a literature review to assess participants' knowledge levels on falls management and to evaluate the effectiveness of the education on the patient safety knowledge subdimension
At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training
Scales for Assessing Self-Efficacy
Time Frame: At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training
The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale developed by Dykes and colleagues and validated in Turkish by Ekin and Uğur was found to be 0.97, and it has no subscales. The scale consists of 11 items prepared on a 6-point Likert scale. In the evaluation of the scale, the item mean of the scores obtained from all items is used, and as the scores increase, the level of self-efficacy also increases.
At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training
Attitudes of Nurses Toward Falls Prevention Scale (Turkish version: Hemşirelerin Düşmelerin Önlenmesine Yönelik Tutumları Ölçeği)
Time Frame: At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training.
The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale developed by Özbudak and Koç in 2023 was found to be 0.84. The scale consists of 19 items and 5 sub-dimensions. The scale's response options are designed as a five-point Likert scale scored on a 1-5 point range. The scale is evaluated based on the mean score.
At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training.
Care Plan Evaluation Form
Time Frame: At baseline and at least 3 weeks after the training
A structured seven-item assessment form developed by the researchers will be used to determine the extent to which students reflect their knowledge and awareness of fall management in their care plans.
At baseline and at least 3 weeks after the training

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Inonu University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Zeliha Cengiz, Associate Professor, Inonu University Faculty of Nursing

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 27, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 7, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 7, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 17, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 17, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 24, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 24, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 17, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2025/8306
  • 8306 (Other Identifier: Inonu University)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

This research is a doctoral thesis study. The research is expected to be completed

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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