Online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask Method in Falls Education for Nursing Students

February 17, 2026 updated by: Zeliha CENGİZ, Inonu University

The Effect of the Online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask Learning Method on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding Patient Falls

This randomized controlled study will evaluate the effectiveness of an online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask (WSQA) learning method on nursing students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors related to patient fall prevention and management. Sixty-six nursing students will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Both groups will receive standard patient safety education, while the intervention group will additionally participate in an online, evidence-based fall prevention training program structured according to the WSQA method, including video-based learning, summarization, question generation, and interactive discussions. Outcomes will be assessed using validated instruments measuring fall management knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes toward fall prevention, care planning performance, and student satisfaction. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of an innovative educational approach to improve fall prevention competencies and enhance the quality and safety of nursing care.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an online fall prevention training program, developed based on the Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask instructional strategy, on the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors of fourth-year undergraduate nursing students. This evaluation will be conducted using the four levels of the Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Evaluation Model, and it aims to comprehensively determine both the learning outcomes of the training and its reflection on clinical practice.

Type of Research This research will be conducted using a randomized controlled experimental design. Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups using the block randomization method.

Location and Time of the Study The study will be conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, İnönü University, between February and June 2026.

Participants/Sample The study population will consist of fourth-year undergraduate nursing participants enrolled in the Nursing Internship Course at the Faculty of Nursing, İnönü University, during the 2025-2026 academic year. Power analysis indicated a minimum sample size of 56 participants; however, considering potential attrition, a total of 66 participants will be recruited. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be assigned to the experimental and control groups using a block randomization method. Each group will include 33 participants (Experimental Group = 33; Control Group = 33).

Method / Intervention Participants in both groups will receive the standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. In addition, participants in the experimental group will receive an evidence-based fall prevention training delivered through an online learning model structured according to the Watch-Summarize-Question (WSQ) teaching strategy. The intervention will include video-based learning, structured summarization activities, question generation, and interactive online discussion sessions to reinforce learning and promote active participation. The control group will continue with the standard curriculum without receiving the WSQ-based training. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated measurement tools assessing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavioral outcomes related to fall management.

Data Collection Tools Participant Information Form: Participants' demographic characteristics, educational background, and access to technological resources required for participation in online learning platforms.

Satisfaction with E-Learning Scale (Turkish version: E-Derslere Yönelik Memnuniyet Ölçeği): The scale consists of 35 items and five subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert-type scale scored between 1 and 5.

Falls Management Knowledge Test: This test will be developed by the researcher based on a literature review to assess participants' knowledge levels on falls management and to evaluate the effectiveness of the education on the patient safety knowledge subdimension Scales for Assessing Self-Efficacy: The scale consists of 11 items prepared in a 6-point Likert-type format.

Attitudes of Nurses Toward Falls Prevention Scale (Turkish version: Hemşirelerin Düşmelerin Önlenmesine Yönelik Tutumları Ölçeği): The scale consists of 19 items and 5 subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert scale scored between 1 and 5.

Care Plan Evaluation Form: A structured seven-item assessment form developed by the researchers will be used to determine the extent to which students reflect their knowledge and awareness of fall management in their care plans.

Expected Results/Significance The study is expected to determine the effectiveness of the online fall prevention education developed based on the WSQ learning strategy in improving nursing students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors regarding fall management. The findings are anticipated to support the integration of structured, evidence-based online teaching methods into nursing education, enhance patient safety awareness, strengthen clinical decision-making skills, and contribute to the quality of nursing care

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

66

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

  • Name: Gözde Küçükkarakurt, Phd student
  • Phone Number: +9(422)3413825 +905355272070
  • Email: gozde_sayar@hotmail.com

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Malatya, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Inonu University Faculty of Nursing
        • Contact:
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Gözde Küçükkarakurt, PhD student

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Volunteers from the 4th year students of the Nursing Faculty at İnönü University

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Graduates of high school, associate's degree, or bachelor's degree programs in a health-related field
  • Students who have enrolled in the 4th grade for the second time
  • Students who do not have the technical means to access the online education platform
  • Students who wish to withdraw from the research at any stage
  • Students who do not participate in the training sessions
  • Students who do not complete the data collection forms

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental Group
Participants in the experimental arm will receive the standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum through face-to-face instruction. In addition, they will participate in the Watch-Summarize-Question (WSQ)-based online fall prevention education. The WSQ program will include watching educational videos, summarizing course content, generating questions, participating in interactive online discussion sessions, and engaging in peer interaction through an online discussion forum.
Behavioral: Online Watch Summarize Question Learning Model
The intervention consists of a structured online fall prevention education program based on the WSQ instructional strategy. Unlike traditional lecture-based education, this intervention integrates active learning components including video-based instruction, structured summarization tasks, student-generated question development, synchronous interactive discussion sessions, and peer-supported learning through an online discussion forum. The program is delivered through a distance education platform and is designed to promote reflective learning, cognitive engagement, and collaborative knowledge construction. The WSQ model ensures that participants actively process educational content rather than passively receiving information. The intervention is implemented in addition to the standard undergraduate patient safety curriculum and is specifically tailored to improve nursing students' competencies in fall risk assessment and fall prevention management.
No Intervention: Control Group
Participants in the control arm will receive only the standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum through face-to-face instruction and will not receive any additional educational intervention during the study period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Participant Information Form
Time Frame: at baseline
Participants' demographic characteristics, educational background, and access to technological resources required for participation in online learning platforms.
at baseline
Satisfaction with E-Learning Scale (Turkish version: E-Derslere Yönelik Memnuniyet Ölçeği)
Time Frame: Immediately after completion of the intervention
The scale developed by Kolburan Geçer and Deveci Topal aims to determine university students' satisfaction levels with the online courses they attend. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.97. The scale consists of 35 items and 5 subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert-type scale scored between 1 and 5.
Immediately after completion of the intervention
Falls Management Knowledge Test
Time Frame: At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training
This test will be developed by the researcher based on a literature review to assess participants' knowledge levels on falls management and to evaluate the effectiveness of the education on the patient safety knowledge subdimension
At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training
Scales for Assessing Self-Efficacy
Time Frame: At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training
The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale developed by Dykes and colleagues and validated in Turkish by Ekin and Uğur was found to be 0.97, and it has no subscales. The scale consists of 11 items prepared on a 6-point Likert scale. In the evaluation of the scale, the item mean of the scores obtained from all items is used, and as the scores increase, the level of self-efficacy also increases.
At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training
Attitudes of Nurses Toward Falls Prevention Scale (Turkish version: Hemşirelerin Düşmelerin Önlenmesine Yönelik Tutumları Ölçeği)
Time Frame: At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training.
The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale developed by Özbudak and Koç in 2023 was found to be 0.84. The scale consists of 19 items and 5 sub-dimensions. The scale's response options are designed as a five-point Likert scale scored on a 1-5 point range. The scale is evaluated based on the mean score.
At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training.
Care Plan Evaluation Form
Time Frame: At baseline and at least 3 weeks after the training
A structured seven-item assessment form developed by the researchers will be used to determine the extent to which students reflect their knowledge and awareness of fall management in their care plans.
At baseline and at least 3 weeks after the training

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Inonu University

Investigators

  • Study Director: Zeliha Cengiz, Associate Professor, Inonu University Faculty of Nursing

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

February 27, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 7, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 7, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 17, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 17, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

February 24, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 24, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 17, 2026

Last Verified

February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2025/8306
  • 8306 (Other Identifier: Inonu University)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

This research is a doctoral thesis study. The research is expected to be completed

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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