Hypno-Breastfeeding Education and Postpartum Outcomes

April 7, 2026 updated by: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi

The Effect of Hypno-Breastfeeding-Based Education on Postpartum Anxiety, Self-Compassion, Breastfeeding Motivation, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled trial aims to examine the effects of hypno-breastfeeding-based education on postpartum anxiety, self-compassion, breastfeeding motivation, and breastfeeding self-efficacy among mothers in the early postpartum period. The postpartum period is a critical phase characterized by significant physical and psychological changes. Primiparous mothers, in particular, may experience anxiety, lack of confidence, and reduced motivation for breastfeeding, which may negatively affect breastfeeding success and mother-infant bonding.

The study will be conducted with 102 primiparous mothers aged 18-40 years within the first 72 hours postpartum. Participants will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive hypno-breastfeeding-based education, while the control group will receive routine care. The educational program includes principles of hypnosis, breastfeeding knowledge, anxiety management, self-efficacy enhancement, and self-awareness techniques, supported by guided relaxation, breathing exercises, and positive suggestion methods.

Data will be collected using validated scales, including the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Breastfeeding Motivation Scale, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Appropriate statistical analyses will be performed.

The findings are expected to contribute to the development of psychoeducational nursing interventions, reduce postpartum anxiety, improve breastfeeding outcomes, and strengthen maternal adaptation.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This randomized controlled trial is designed to evaluate the effects of hypno-breastfeeding-based education on postpartum anxiety, self-compassion, breastfeeding motivation, and breastfeeding self-efficacy in the early postpartum period. The postpartum period is a critical phase in which women undergo significant physiological recovery as well as psychological and social adaptation to motherhood. Primiparous mothers, in particular, frequently experience anxiety, perceived inadequacy, stress, and concerns related to breastfeeding, which may negatively affect breastfeeding practices and mother-infant bonding.

Postpartum anxiety is a significant psychological factor influencing maternal confidence, caregiving ability, and adaptation to breastfeeding. Breastfeeding motivation and self-efficacy are key determinants of successful initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. Mothers with higher self-efficacy tend to demonstrate greater persistence, lower anxiety levels, and more successful breastfeeding outcomes. In addition, self-compassion is considered a protective psychological construct that enhances emotional regulation and resilience by promoting self-kindness and reducing self-criticism.

Hypnosis-based approaches focus on accessing subconscious processes to promote relaxation, mental awareness, and positive cognitive restructuring. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of hypnosis in reducing anxiety, managing stress, and improving psychological well-being. However, there is limited evidence regarding the integration of hypnosis into breastfeeding-focused nursing interventions. Therefore, hypno-breastfeeding represents an innovative and holistic approach that may influence both psychological and behavioral outcomes in the postpartum period.

The study will be conducted at Zeynep Kamil Women's and Children's Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul. The sample will consist of 102 primiparous mothers aged 18-40 years within the first 72 hours postpartum. Participants will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive hypno-breastfeeding education, while the control group will receive routine care only.

The intervention consists of three sessions, each lasting approximately 60 minutes. The first session focuses on the fundamentals of hypnosis, the importance of breastfeeding, and correct breastfeeding techniques. The second session addresses postpartum anxiety, anxiety management, and hypnosis-based techniques to enhance self-efficacy. The third session emphasizes self-awareness, positive suggestion, and coping strategies for breastfeeding-related challenges. Guided relaxation, breathing exercises, and suggestion techniques are integrated throughout all sessions.

Data will be collected at baseline and post-intervention using validated instruments, including the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Breastfeeding Motivation Scale, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Statistical analyses will be conducted using SPSS software, including descriptive statistics and appropriate comparative tests to evaluate within-group and between-group differences.

The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of psychoeducational nursing interventions, support maternal psychological well-being, improve breastfeeding outcomes, and strengthen mother-infant bonding. Furthermore, the study provides a novel interdisciplinary model integrating women's health and psychiatric nursing perspectives.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
102

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Primiparous mothers Aged between 18-40 years Within the first 72 hours postpartum Having a singleton birth Staying in the same room with the newborn (rooming-in) No medical condition preventing breastfeeding No chronic disease or pregnancy-related complications Did not receive breastfeeding education during pregnancy Able to understand and speak Turkish Willing to participate and provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Use of medications that interfere with breastfeeding Having a newborn admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit Diagnosed psychiatric disorder or use of psychiatric medication Participation in less than 80% of the intervention sessions Withdrawal from the study at any stage

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Hypno-Breastfeeding Education
The experimental group will receive hypno-breastfeeding-based education designed to reduce postpartum anxiety and improve breastfeeding outcomes. The intervention consists of three sessions, each lasting approximately 60 minutes, including hypnosis-based relaxation techniques, breathing exercises, positive suggestion methods, and education on breastfeeding practices, anxiety management, self-awareness, and self-efficacy. The sessions will be delivered during the early postpartum period.
Behavioral: Hypno-Breastfeeding Education

The intervention consists of a structured hypno-breastfeeding-based educational program designed specifically for primiparous mothers in the early postpartum period. This program integrates principles of hypnosis with breastfeeding education to address both psychological and behavioral aspects of breastfeeding.

The intervention is delivered in three sessions, each lasting approximately 60 minutes. The first session focuses on the fundamentals of hypnosis, the importance of breastfeeding, and correct breastfeeding techniques. The second session addresses postpartum anxiety, psychological factors affecting breastfeeding, and hypnosis-based methods to enhance self-efficacy. The third session focuses on self-awareness, development of positive behavioral patterns, and coping strategies for breastfeeding challenges.
No Intervention: Routine Care (Control Group)
The control group will receive routine postpartum care without any additional educational intervention during the study period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Postpartum Anxiety
Time Frame: 1 month
Measured using the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) to evaluate changes in anxiety levels among mothers. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (within the first 72 hours postpartum) and after the intervention.
1 month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Self-Compassion
Time Frame: 1 month
Measured using the Self-Compassion Scale to assess changes in mothers' self-kindness, mindfulness, and emotional regulation levels at baseline and post-intervention.
1 month
Breastfeeding Motivation
Time Frame: 1 month
Measured using the Breastfeeding Motivation Scale to evaluate mothers' willingness and psychological readiness to initiate and maintain breastfeeding.
1 month
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Time Frame: 1 month
Measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale to assess mothers' confidence in their ability to successfully breastfeed.
1 month

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Beyzanur İşbay Aydemir, Msc, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 15, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 15, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 15, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 7, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 7, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 14, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 14, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 7, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Hypno-Breastfeeding

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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