Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the 'Breathing Vigilance Questionnaire' (Breathe-VQ)

April 15, 2026 updated by: Seval Tamer, Kutahya Health Sciences University

In the literature, assessment questionnaires related to dyspnea measure beliefs about breathing-related symptoms but do not directly measure breath awareness. For this purpose, the Breath Vigilance Questionnaire (BVQ) is a subjective questionnaire developed from the Pain Awareness Questionnaire that directly measures breath-specific awareness and includes questions evaluating the interaction between conscious monitoring and control of breathing and anxiety. The questionnaire, consisting of 6 questions, was developed on healthy individuals and its validity and reliability were established. It uses a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always), with scores ranging from 6 to 30, and higher scores indicate higher breath awareness .

The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Breath Vigilance Questionnaire will assist researchers in assessing dysfunctional breathing and developing treatment strategies by evaluating breath awareness. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The normal breathing pattern is a synchronized movement progressing from the thorax to the abdominal region, including the pelvis. Any breathing pattern outside of this synchronized movement is called an abnormal breathing pattern or dysfunctional breathing. In recent years, it has been defined as "a change in the normal biomechanical patterns of breathing resulting in intermittent or chronic symptoms related to breathing and/or non-breathing". A 2018 study reported that it was observed more frequently in up to 50% of COPD patients than in asthmatic and healthy individuals. However, it has been reported that respiratory dysfunction can also be observed idiopathically, without any underlying problem (cardiopulmonary or organic cause), and is seen in one out of every five people, due to psychological/behavioral factors such as anxiety, depression, perfectionism, feelings of inferiority.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Kütahya
      • Kütahya, Kütahya, Turkey (Türkiye), 43020
        • Kutahya Health Sciences University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Healthy Participants

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • individuals without a self-reported diagnosis of respiratory and/or cardiac problems
  • individuals without a COVID-19 diagnosis and/or chronic COVID syndrome ("long COVID") within the last 3 months (primary respiratory dysfunction is excluded as we are dealing with this)
  • individuals who can read and write in Turkish

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals with symptomatic heart disease, a history of lung surgery, neurological disorders, and malignancies that may affect exercise performance, and those with severe cognitive impairment who have difficulty understanding and completing the questionnaire items will be excluded from the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
single group
descriptive study
Other: Survey using a questionnaire.
survey questions

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Nijmegan Questionnaire
Time Frame: first day
the Nijmegan Questionnaire, whose Turkish validity and reliability were established by Aslıhan et al., is the most frequently used test for the subjective assessment of dysfunctional respiration. The questionnaire, which allows for the evaluation and description of unexplained respiratory symptoms and signs of hyperventilation, consists of 16 items related to different systems such as cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and psychological factors, answered on a 5-point scale from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). A score greater than 23 indicates respiratory dysfunction. It has a sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 95%, respectively, regarding the clinical diagnosis of hyperventilation.
first day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
STAI
Time Frame: first day
The Turkish translation of the scale, for which validity and reliability studies have been conducted, includes the State Anxiety Scale section, which aims to assess sudden changes in emotional reactions, and the Trait Anxiety Scale section, which aims to measure the persistence of anxiety that a person generally tends to experience. The 20-item questions in both sections are evaluated using a four-point Likert scale ranging from "Never" to "Completely". For the study, Form 2 will be used, with reference to the original article. In the scoring system, which ranges from 20 to 80 points, lower values indicate low anxiety levels and higher values indicate high anxiety levels.
first day

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Kutahya Health Sciences University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: SEVAL TAMER, Kutahya Health Sciences University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 10, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 10, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 10, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 6, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 15, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 22, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 22, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 15, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Kütahya Health Sciences

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

IPD Plan Description

I wasn't sure about its necessity.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

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Locations

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