Velocity-Based Resistance Training Effects on Inflammation in Older Adults

May 4, 2026 updated by: National Taipei University

Dose-Response Effects of Velocity-Based Resistance Training on Anti-Inflammatory Responses in Older Adults

This study aims to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) with different training volumes on immune modulation and anti-inflammatory responses in older adults. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three RT volume groups (low, medium, or high) or a non-exercise control group. Participants in the training groups will complete a 4-week RT program, followed by a 4-week detraining phase. The findings are expected to provide evidence for volume-specific RT prescriptions to support healthy aging.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Taiwan
      • Taipei, Taiwan, 116
        • Recruiting
        • National Taiwan Normal University
        • Contact:
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 60-75 years or older
  • No regular resistance training habit (defined as ≥2 sessions per week) in the past year
  • No musculoskeletal injuries within the past six months

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m²), diabetes, hypertension, cancer, heart, kidney, or liver disease, or any other condition that may influence study outcomes.
  • Regular use of anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., NSAIDs).
  • Smoking or alcohol abuse
  • Inability to safely perform the prescribed resistance exercise movements
  • Unable to fully comprehend the study information and instructions.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: low training volume resistance exercise
Participants assigned to the low-volume resistance training group will perform one set per exercise at a load corresponding to 80% of 1RM. Each set will be terminated when movement velocity decreases by 30% from the first repetition. Rest intervals of 2-3 minutes will be provided between exercises.
Other: Resistance exercise
The RT program will consist of 12 sessions over a 4-week period, with participants training three times per week and at least one rest day between sessions. All sessions will be supervised by research personnel to ensure proper technique and safety. Exercises will be performed using resistance machines and will include chest press, shoulder press, seated row, lat pulldown, and leg press.
Experimental: medium training volume resistance exercise
Participants assigned to the medium-volume resistance training group will perform three sets per exercise at 80% of 1RM. Each set will be terminated when movement velocity decreases by 30% relative to the first repetition. Rest intervals of 90 seconds will be provided between sets, and 2-3 minutes between exercises.
Other: Resistance exercise
The RT program will consist of 12 sessions over a 4-week period, with participants training three times per week and at least one rest day between sessions. All sessions will be supervised by research personnel to ensure proper technique and safety. Exercises will be performed using resistance machines and will include chest press, shoulder press, seated row, lat pulldown, and leg press.
Experimental: high training volume resistance exercise
Participants assigned to the high-volume resistance training group will perform five sets per exercise at 80% of 1RM. Each set will be terminated when movement velocity decreases by 30% relative to the first repetition. Rest intervals of 90 seconds will be provided between sets, and 2-3 minutes between exercises.
Other: Resistance exercise
The RT program will consist of 12 sessions over a 4-week period, with participants training three times per week and at least one rest day between sessions. All sessions will be supervised by research personnel to ensure proper technique and safety. Exercises will be performed using resistance machines and will include chest press, shoulder press, seated row, lat pulldown, and leg press.
No Intervention: sedentary control
Participants in control trial stayed sedentary during the period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in IL-6 concentration
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Plasma IL-6 concentrations will be measured and reported in pg/mL.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in soluble IL-6 receptor concentration
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Soluble IL-6 receptor concentrations will be measured and reported in ng/mL.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in soluble gp130 concentration
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Soluble gp130 concentrations will be measured and reported in ng/mL.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in IL-10 concentration
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
IL-10 concentrations will be measured and reported in pg/mL.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in IL-1RA concentration
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
IL-1RA concentrations will be measured and reported in pg/mL.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in TNF-α concentration
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
TNF-α concentrations will be measured and reported in pg/mL.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Borgs Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Time Frame: 1-hour during each exercise intervention
Borgs RPE is a method of estimating exertion rating, based on a 1 to 10 rating scale (1 being the no exertion at all, 10 being maximal exertion).
1-hour during each exercise intervention
Handgrip strength
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Maximal handgrip strength will be assessed using a digital hand dynamometer and reported in kilograms.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Knee extension strength
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic concentric knee extension strength of the dominant leg will be assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer and reported in Newton-meters.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
30-second chair-stand test
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Lower-body functional capacity will be assessed by the number of repetitions completed during a 30-second chair-stand test.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Single-leg balance test
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Balance performance will be assessed as the duration of single-leg stance and reported in seconds.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Timed up and go test
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Functional mobility will be assessed using the Timed Up and Go test, with performance quantified as the time (seconds) required to stand up from a seated position, walk 3 meters, turn, walk back, and sit down.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in SHIP1 protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Intracellular SHIP1 protein expression in PBMCs will be measured and reported in arbitrary units.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in gp130 (CD130) protein expression in PBMCs
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Intracellular gp130 (CD130) protein expression in PBMCs will be measured and reported in arbitrary units.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in STAT3 protein expression in PBMCs
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Intracellular STAT3 protein expression in PBMCs will be measured and reported in arbitrary units.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in phosphorylated STAT3 protein expression in PBMCs
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Intracellular phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) protein expression in PBMCs will be measured and reported in arbitrary units.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in IL-6 receptor alpha (CD126) protein expression in PBMCs
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Intracellular IL-6 receptor alpha (CD126) protein expression in PBMCs will be measured and reported in arbitrary units.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) protein expression in PBMCs
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Intracellular β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) protein expression in PBMCs will be measured and reported in arbitrary units.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in SOCS3 protein expression in PBMCs
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Intracellular SOCS3 protein expression in PBMCs will be measured and reported in arbitrary units.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in white blood cell count
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Total white blood cell count will be measured and reported in cells/μL.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in lymphocyte count
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Lymphocyte count will be measured and reported in cells/μL.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in neutrophil count
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Neutrophil count will be measured and reported in cells/μL.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Changes in monocyte count
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Monocyte count will be measured and reported in cells/μL.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Body fat percentage
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Body fat percentage will be measured using a body composition analyzer and reported as a percentage.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Lean body mass
Time Frame: Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining
Total lean body mass will be measured using a body composition analyzer and reported in kilograms.
Baseline, post-intervention (4 weeks), and at 2 and 4 weeks during detraining

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
National Taipei University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Shun-Hsi Tsai, Ph.D., National Taipei University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 20, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 1, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 1, 2029

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 15, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 28, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 5, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 8, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 4, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • ECKIRB1140803

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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