Duo: A Phase IIIb Individual-Level Randomized Controlled Trial of an Integrated Strategy

June 15, 2026 updated by: HIV Prevention Trials Network

Duo: A Phase IIIb Individual-Level Randomized Controlled Trial of an Integrated Strategy of HIV PrEP and STI PEP for Young Men

Individual-Level Randomized Controlled Trial of an Integrated Strategy of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for Young Men

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study will test a suite of mHealth tools to increase HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and adherence among young men in communities most affected by the HIV epidemic and evaluate the uptake, adherence, and acceptability of doxycycline for sexually transmitted infection (STI) post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP).

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
400

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

  • Name: Kailazarid Gomez-Feliciano, MPM
  • Phone Number: 919-321-3486
  • Email: kgomez@fhi360.org

Study Locations

  • Argentina
      • Buenos Aires, Argentina, C1427CEA
  • Brazil
    • Rio de Janeiro
      • Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 221045-900
        • Instituto de Pesquisa Clinicaq Evandro Chagas CRS
  • Peru
  • United States
    • California
      • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095
    • New York
      • The Bronx, New York, United States, 10451
        • Bronx Prevention Research Center CRS
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Men ages 18 - 29 years
  2. Men who are in communities most affected by the HIV epidemic
  3. Willing and able to provide informed consent
  4. Reports having anal sex with men in the last 6 months

  5. Have certain risk factors for HIV acquisition, defined as any of the following in the past 6 months:

    1. Any condomless anal sex with a man; not including within a monogamous relationship with an HIV-negative partner or an HIV-positive partner who is virally suppressed
    2. Reporting 2 or more male partners, regardless of condom use
    3. Reporting gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis diagnosis
    4. Any stimulant use (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines)
  6. Not on PrEP within the past 3 months due to participant choice
  7. Interested in learning more about PrEP or starting PrEP
  8. No evidence of HIV infection at Screening and Enrollment, based on the HIV testing algorithm
  9. Owns an iOS or Android mobile phone and able to successfully download mobile apps and send and receive text messages
  10. Must not share the mobile phone used for their participation in the study
  11. Able to read and write

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Participated in HPTN 113-01
  2. Currently participating in another interventional trial of PrEP agents, or prior enrollment in studies of long-acting PrEP, including HPTN 083
  3. Plans to move away from the study area within the next year
  4. Currently on doxycycline for STI PEP
  5. Has ever used CAB-LA or other long-acting PrEP agent
  6. Tetracycline allergy
  7. Prior diagnosis of HIV infection
  8. Reactive HIV rapid test at Screening or reactive HIV Ag/Ab rapid test at Enrollment, regardless of subsequent HIV test results
  9. Any other condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator of Record (IoR)/designee, would preclude informed consent, make study participation unsafe, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives would make the patient unsuitable for the study or unable/unwilling to comply with the study requirements

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: 3P mHealth package
HIV PrEP, doxy-PEP, 3P mHealth package (3P: MyPrEP + PrEPmate + PrEPsmart tools) to assist with PrEP uptake and adherence decision making, standard-of-care PrEP adherence counseling from qualified study staff, handout about the different PrEP options available at the site
Drug: HIV PrEP - choice of F/TDF, F/TAF, or CAB-LA
Choice of F/TDF, F/TAF, or CAB-LA for HIV prevention
Drug: STI PEP - Doxycycline as Doxy-PEP
Doxycycline as doxy-PEP for STI prevention
Behavioral: 3P mHealth package
Suite of mHealth tools (MyPrEP, PrEPmate, PrEPsmart) to assist with HIV PrEP uptake and adherence decision making
Behavioral: Handout about HIV PrEP options available at the site
Handout about HIV PrEP options available at the site
Behavioral: Standard-of-care HIV PrEP counseling from qualified study staff
Standard-of-care HIV PrEP counseling from qualified study staff
Active Comparator: Standard-of-care services
HIV PrEP, doxy-PEP, standard-of-care PrEP adherence counseling from qualified study staff, handout about the different PrEP options available at the site
Drug: HIV PrEP - choice of F/TDF, F/TAF, or CAB-LA
Choice of F/TDF, F/TAF, or CAB-LA for HIV prevention
Drug: STI PEP - Doxycycline as Doxy-PEP
Doxycycline as doxy-PEP for STI prevention
Behavioral: Handout about HIV PrEP options available at the site
Handout about HIV PrEP options available at the site
Behavioral: Standard-of-care HIV PrEP counseling from qualified study staff
Standard-of-care HIV PrEP counseling from qualified study staff

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
To determine the efficacy of the 3P mHealth package on PrEP uptake among participants
Time Frame: 52 weeks
PrEP uptake is defined as the proportion of enrolled participants who elect to initiate PrEP (with a documented PrEP dispensation by the site) at any time during the 52 weeks of follow-up. Participants who did not initiate PrEP before loss to follow-up will be classified as non-initiators. PrEP uptake will be assessed at Week 52 for each study arm with 95% confidence limits computed using the binomial distribution. A logistic regression model will be used to compare PrEP uptake between the study arms.
52 weeks
To determine the efficacy of the 3P mHealth package on PrEP adherence among participants
Time Frame: Weeks 20, 36, and 52

PrEP adherence is assessed at Weeks 20, 36 and 52 through biomedical testing for oral PrEP regimens and documentation of CAB-LA injection for CAB-LA.

Adherence measures are described in Section 8.7. Participants on oral PrEP missing an assessment visit and with no PrEP dispensed at their most recent visit will be considered non-adherent. Also, participants who have not yet initiated PrEP at a visit will be considered non-adherent at that visit. The average PrEP adherence at a visit will be computed as the proportion of participants who are determined to be adherent at that visit by study arm. The associated 95% confidence limits will be computed using the binomial distribution. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) with a logit link function will be used to examine differences in adherence proportions between the 3P and Control arms at Weeks 20, 36 and 52, while accounting for potential correlation between PrEP adherence measures over time for each participant.
Weeks 20, 36, and 52
To assess doxycycline PEP uptake and associated factors
Time Frame: Week 52
doxy-PEP uptake is defined as the proportion of participants dispensed doxy-PEP during the 52 weeks of study follow-up period. doxy-PEP uptake will be computed with 95% confidence limits at Week 52. Multivariable logistic regression models will be used to assess association between doxy-PEP uptake and factors including study group, demographic and behavioral characteristics.
Week 52
To assess doxycycline PEP use and associated factors
Time Frame: Weeks 20, 36, and 52
doxy-PEP use will be assessed at Weeks 20, 36 and 52. Doxy-PEP use at an assessment visit will be computed as the proportion of participants reporting use following sex acts, reported at that visit. The corresponding 95% confidence limits will be computed based on the binomial distribution. Multivariable GEE models will be used to investigate possible associations between doxy-PEP use and factors including study group, demographic and behavioral characteristics.
Weeks 20, 36, and 52
To assess doxycycline PEP acceptability and associated factors
Time Frame: Week 52
Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize doxy-PEP acceptability. Multivariable generalized linear models (with a link function that is appropriate to the scale of the measure for doxy-PEP acceptability) will be used to investigate associations between doxy-PEP acceptability and factors including study group, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics.
Week 52
To assess the incidence of HIV infections among participants choosing to use CAB-LA
Time Frame: Week 52

Uptake of CAB-LA is defined as the proportion of participants choosing to initiate CAB-LA with a documented receipt of a CAB-LA injection during the study follow-up period. CAB-LA uptake will be computed with 95% confidence interval.

Incidence of HIV infection between the date of CAB-LA initiation and the date of switch to oral PrEP (for participants switching from CAB-LA to oral PrEP) or end of follow-up (for participants staying on CAB-LA from initiation through the end of the follow-up period) will be computed with 95% confidence interval among participants choosing to use CAB-LA.
Week 52

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
To determine the acceptability and use of the 3P mHealth package in the intervention arm by site
Time Frame: Week 52
Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the acceptability and use of the 3P mHealth package in the intervention arm by site.
Week 52
To compare the frequency, directionality, and reasons for PrEP regimen choice and switching, between arms
Time Frame: Week 52
Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the frequency, directionality, and reasons for PrEP regimen choice and switching by arm. Generalized linear models will be used to assess differences in these descriptive summaries between the study arms. Reasons for PrEP regimen choice and switching obtained from qualitative interview data will be listed by arm.
Week 52
To evaluate demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal factors associated with choice of PrEP regimen
Time Frame: Week 52
Multivariable logistic regression models will be used to separately assess associations between each PrEP regimen choice and demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal factors.
Week 52
To determine the efficacy of the 3P mHealth package on prevention-effective adherence
Time Frame: Weeks 20, 36, and 52
  • The proportion of enrolled participants with incident STI infection will be computed with 95% confidence limits at Weeks 20, 36 and 52 by study arm.
  • The proportion of enrolled participants with incident HIV infection will be computed at Weeks 20, 36 and 52 by study arm.
  • The proportion of enrolled participants reporting HIV risk based on self-reported sexual behavior and HIV status of sexual partner will be computed at Weeks 20, 36 and 52 by study arm.
  • The proportion of enrolled participants who are determined to be PrEP adherent and potentially at HIV risk (based on incident STI, self-reported sexual behavior and HIV status of partners) will be computed with 95% confidence limits at Weeks 20, 36 and 52 by study arm. GEE models with a logit link function will be used to compare the proportions between the study arms
Weeks 20, 36, and 52

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
HIV Prevention Trials Network

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Gilead Sciences
ViiV Healthcare

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Susan Buchbinder, MD, San Francisco Department of Public Health and University of California San Francisco
  • Study Chair: Jorge Gallardo-Cartagena, MD, Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas Biomédicas y Medioambientales
  • Study Chair: Thiago Torres, MD, Instituto Nacional de Infectología Evandro Chagas

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 1, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 1, 2029

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 7, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 15, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 22, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 22, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 15, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • HPTN 113
  • UM1AI068619 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

For studies within two years of primary objective(s) publication, de-identified individual participant data that underlie results in a publication, will be provided upon request. For studies more than two years from the primary objective(s) publication, de-identified datasets will be available upon request (Public Use Datasets).

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Investigators may request de-identified datasets in order to duplicate published results, as required by specific journals. Otherwise, de-identified datasets will be made available upon request, two years following publication of the primary results manuscript.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Researchers may submit a request for access to data that has informed published results, by sending an email to HPTN-Data-Access@scharp.org. To access available de-identified datasets, investigators must complete the request form on the Atlas website. Researchers of approved requests will need to sign an HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) Data Use Agreement before receiving the data and agree to use the provided acknowledgement statement.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

Yes

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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